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In the few studies that have reported on invasive mould infection epidemiology, Mucorales are the most frequently isolated group, followed by either<jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic>spp. or<jats:italic>Scedosporium<\/jats:italic>spp. The overall incidence is low, but related mortality is exceedingly high. Patients with haematological malignancies and haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients comprise the classical groups at risk of infection for non-<jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>moulds due to profound immunosuppression and the vast use of anti-<jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>prophylaxis. Solid organ transplant recipients also face a high risk, especially those receiving lung transplants, due to direct exposure of the graft to mould spores with altered mechanical and immunological elimination, and intense, associated immunosuppression. Diagnosing non-<jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>moulds is challenging due to unspecific symptoms and radiological findings, lack of specific biomarkers, and low sensitivity of cultures. However, the advent of molecular techniques may prove helpful. Mucormycosis, fusariosis and scedosporiosis hold some differences regarding clinical paradigmatic presentations and preferred antifungal therapy. Surgery might be an option, especially in mucormycosis. 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