{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T09:58:53Z","timestamp":1774951133443,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"179","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir Rev"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This scoping review aims to map the available studies on single-breath pulmonary diffusing capacity for nitric oxide (\n                      <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>LNO<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) in various clinical diseases and identify gaps for future research.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We followed the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. A systematic literature search was conducted in Embase, MEDLINE (EBSCOhost), PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library to identify studies on\n                      <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>LNO<\/jats:sub>\n                      from 1983 to 2025. Two reviewers screened abstracts using Rayyan software and extracted data using standardised templates implemented into REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified 1638 studies, of which 69 met the eligibility criteria. These studies represented respiratory (n=22), immunological\/genetic\/systemic (n=14), post-COVID-19 sequelae (n=13), cardiovascular (n=9), metabolic\/endocrine\/renal (n=6), environmental-related (n=3) and other (n=2) conditions. There was substantial heterogeneity in disease categories, sample sizes and reporting methods. Nearly half of the studies (49.3%) used convenience sampling, where participant selection processes are often poorly described; 62.3% included &lt;50 participants. Only 18.8% reported a sample size calculation, and 10.1% registered or published a study protocol. Disparate findings within disease categories were often difficult to interpret; and small sample sizes limited generalisability. In some specific conditions,\n                      <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>LNO<\/jats:sub>\n                      showed sensitivity in detecting interstitial and fibrotic changes compared to conventional single-breath pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (\n                      <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>LCO<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) while simultaneous\n                      <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>LNO<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2013\n                      <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>LCO<\/jats:sub>\n                      measurements permitted the detection of pulmonary vascular\u2013haematological perturbations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Single-breath\n                      <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>LNO<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2013\n                      <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>LCO<\/jats:sub>\n                      may provide additional pathophysiological insight by assessing the relative contributions from membrane and blood resistance of diffusion. Larger studies are required to clarify its interpretation across disease states.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0145-2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T09:30:21Z","timestamp":1771407021000},"page":"250145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pulmonary diffusing capacity for nitric oxide in disease: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1723-1070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Radtke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H\u00e0","family":"Pham-Ngoc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thong","family":"Hua-Huy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Connie C.W.","family":"Hsia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Dressel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8651-5176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anh Tuan","family":"Dinh-Xuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026033102051602000_35.179.250145.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.5.1774"},{"key":"2026033102051602000_35.179.250145.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2021.tb00146.x","article-title":"Modeling of gas exchange in the lungs","volume":"11","author":"Sapoval","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"2026033102051602000_35.179.250145.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202203-226OC","article-title":"Diffusing capacity and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"20","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2026033102051602000_35.179.250145.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00016-2016"},{"key":"2026033102051602000_35.179.250145.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00962-2016"},{"key":"2026033102051602000_35.179.250145.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1957.11.2.290"},{"key":"2026033102051602000_35.179.250145.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41P","DOI":"10.1042\/cs067041Pa","article-title":"Is the measurement of \u2018DLNO\u2019 a true measure of membrane diffusing capacity?","volume":"67","author":"Borland","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"2026033102051602000_35.179.250145.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37P","DOI":"10.1042\/cs065037P","article-title":"The fate of inhaled nitric oxide","volume":"65","author":"Borland","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"2026033102051602000_35.179.250145.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00193-2021"},{"key":"2026033102051602000_35.179.250145.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peters MDJ , Godfrey C , McInerney P , et al. 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