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Of the 122 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to TB in 2019, 58 million DALYs were attributed to the post-TB phase. TB causes massive lung structure damage, declined lung function and excessive inflammation, which persist even after microbiological cure and predispose to multiple lung diseases (\n                    <jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic>\n                    COPD, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, bronchiectasis and COVID-19). TB survivors also face a higher risk of cancers and cardiovascular diseases. These post-TB morbidities together with worse psychological and socioeconomic status lead to poor quality of life and a three- to four-fold higher mortality rate than the general population. Understanding the epidemiology of post-TB morbidities can help to set intervention and research priorities to lower public health burdens associated with post-TB morbidities. In this narrative review, we summarise what we know and do not know about the prevalence, risk factors and management of post-TB morbidities and their associated mortality. We identify the major post-TB morbidities based on current evidence. Delayed or incomplete TB treatment, residual lung structure damage and prolonged inflammation after TB treatment are important risk factors. Developing host-directed therapies to reduce lung structure damage, smoking cessation, implementing pulmonary rehabilitation to improve lung function and adopting well-tailored preventive strategies and screening protocols may improve the management of these post-TB morbidities and mortality and warrant future research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0148-2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T13:50:16Z","timestamp":1761141016000},"page":"250148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Post-tuberculosis morbidities and their associated mortality: moving from challenges to solutions"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5689-6174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5290-3306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102206500930000_34.178.250148.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.20.0067"},{"key":"2025102206500930000_34.178.250148.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30919-1"},{"key":"2025102206500930000_34.178.250148.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1679","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00367-3","article-title":"Lifetime burden of disease due to incident tuberculosis: a global reappraisal including post-tuberculosis sequelae","volume":"9","author":"Menzies","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2025102206500930000_34.178.250148.4","unstructured":"McCrae T . 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