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The ability to induce eosinophil depletion either experimentally in animal models or through targeted therapies in humans has extended our understanding of the roles played by eosinophils in health and homeostasis as well as in disease pathogenesis. When associated with human disease aetiology, the eosinophil takes on a pathogenic rather than a protective role. This maladaptive response, called \u201ceosinophilic immune dysfunction\u201d herein, appears central to exacerbation pathogenesis and disease control in severe asthma and may be involved in the aetiology of other eosinophil-related conditions ranging from organ-system-limited diseases such as phenotypic subsets of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis to more broadly systemic diseases such as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and hypereosinophilic syndrome. In this review, we describe the evidence supporting eosinophilic functions related to health and homeostasis and explore the contribution of eosinophilic immune dysfunction to human disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0150-2021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T08:55:13Z","timestamp":1643187313000},"page":"210150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Eosinophils and eosinophilic immune dysfunction in health and disease"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"David 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