{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T07:54:27Z","timestamp":1793260467557,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":409,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"179","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir Rev"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The lung may be the organ whose mechanical environment needs to be most finely tuned to achieve optimal function. These needs have to be fulfilled at multiple scales, from proper force transmission between the chest wall and the parenchyma to reduction of surface tension by surfactants inside the alveoli. In addition, a plethora of mechanical loads and forces takes place within the lung, from the passive stretch withstood by epithelial cells lining the alveoli, to active forces generated by smooth muscle cells to control airway calibre or cilia beating by ciliary cells in the bronchi to clear debris. Furthermore, the acellular structures in the lung are finely tuned in composition and mechanical properties, from the viscoelastic properties of the mucus to trap pathogens, to the collagen- and elastin-rich extracellular matrix that enables the lung to display elastic recoil at resting volumes but stiffen as it approaches total lung capacity. In this review, we describe the mechanical interplay between the cell types found in the lung, as well as cellular responses to their mechanical niche. We further describe how these responses are altered in diseases such as asthma, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. In addition, key proteins in mechanotransduction events are detailed, stressing their potential role as therapeutical targets for lung diseases. Finally, we also include a sex perspective to lung pathologies and highlight engineered model systems that may be used to advance our understanding of mechanical forces in experimental investigations or towards lung regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0155-2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T11:19:29Z","timestamp":1770290369000},"page":"250155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The importance of mechanical forces in chronic respiratory diseases"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9868-9966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janette K.","family":"Burgess","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1898-3968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janna C.","family":"Nawroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez-Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N\u00faria","family":"Gavara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abp8964"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995051","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.995051","article-title":"Highway to heal: influence of altered extracellular matrix on infiltrating immune cells during acute and chronic lung diseases","volume":"13","author":"Joglekar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70013","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.70013","article-title":"Location, location, location: spatial immune-stroma crosstalk drives pathogenesis in asthma","volume":"330","author":"Joulia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-025-01021-1","article-title":"Tumour and microenvironment crosstalk in NSCLC progression and response to therapy","volume":"22","author":"Rahal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L724","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00122.2024","article-title":"Mechanisms of mechanical stimulation in the development of respiratory system diseases","volume":"327","author":"Xia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2024.116255","article-title":"Mechanotransduction and the extracellular matrix: key drivers of lung pathologies and drug responsiveness","volume":"228","author":"Burgess","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200308-1107OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-016-2541-4"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.67.31"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suki B . Structure and Function of the Extracellular Matrix. London, Academic Press, 2022. doi:10.1016\/B978-0-12-819716-5.09996-2","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819716-5.09996-2"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-023-02004-9"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.12","first-page":"27","article-title":"The effect of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis on lung mechanics","volume":"17","author":"Murphy","year":"1981","journal-title":"Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.3.1185","article-title":"Airway stability and heterogeneity in the constricted lung","volume":"91","author":"Anafi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-024-02909-9","article-title":"Effects of increasing tidal volume and end-expiratory lung volume on induced bronchoconstriction in healthy humans","volume":"25","author":"Gobbi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01489.2012"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00379.2005"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00391.2006"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01339.2013"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1970.28.5.596"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12280","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16650-0","article-title":"Modeling the influence of gravity and the mechanical properties of elastin and collagen fibers on alveolar and lung pressure\u2013volume curves","volume":"12","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202202-0399ST"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00957-2022"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6443","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126443","article-title":"Pulmonary stretch and lung mechanotransduction: implications for progression in the fibrotic lung","volume":"22","author":"Marchioni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.4.1341"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2016.tb00688.x","article-title":"Lung circulation","volume":"6","author":"Suresh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2013.1010"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01092.2007"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02125-0"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00460"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12506"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01526-2016"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2020.tb00134.x","article-title":"Asthma and lung mechanics","volume":"10","author":"Kaminsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2006.09.007"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-025-02212-9","article-title":"The immunology of asthma","volume":"26","author":"Lambrecht","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20040342"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000441","article-title":"Airway remodeling in asthma: update on mechanisms and therapeutic approaches","volume":"24","author":"Boulet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33311-1"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01619-2023"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1014350"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.3.715"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201002-0178OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201401-0178OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200209-1030OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0123-2019"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00004.2015"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S267222","article-title":"Pathobiology of airway remodeling in asthma: the emerging role of integrins","volume":"15","author":"Joseph","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4357"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200205-414OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200403-305OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbplus.2021.100092","article-title":"Basement membranes in obstructive pulmonary diseases","volume":"12","author":"Dekkers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Matrix Biol Plus"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.11.016","article-title":"Further studies of unsuspected emphysema in nonsmoking patients with asthma with persistent expiratory airflow obstruction","volume":"153","author":"Gelb","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L150","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00370.2023","article-title":"Role of STIM1 in stretch-induced signaling in human airway smooth muscle","volume":"327","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2023.2276732","article-title":"Interactions between calcium regulatory pathways and mechanosensitive channels in airways","volume":"17","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(22)00470-6"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4808"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.56","first-page":"S130","article-title":"Does protease\u2013antiprotease imbalance explain chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?","volume":"13","author":"Lomas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2015.00346","article-title":"Airway and extracellular matrix mechanics in COPD","volume":"6","author":"Bidan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22374","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202101553R","article-title":"Differential roles for lysyl oxidase (like), family members in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; from gene and protein expression to function","volume":"36","author":"Migulina","year":"2022","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00041.2013"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.10.2101083"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-9-41"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.62","first-page":"697","article-title":"Proteoglycan changes in the extracellular matrix of lung tissue from patients with pulmonary emphysema","volume":"12","author":"van Straaten","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf2535"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00004.2021"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2020.1739525","article-title":"Role of the mucins in pathogenesis of COPD: implications for therapy","volume":"14","author":"Lo Bello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-018-1747-9"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17249-6"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2023.08.007","article-title":"Targeting biophysical microenvironment for improved treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S458324","article-title":"Lung hyperinflation as treatable trait in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a narrative review","volume":"19","author":"Koopman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0073-2017"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0222-2020"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2017.12.013"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196055"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17074","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.74","article-title":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"3","author":"Martinez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s43152-021-00031-2","article-title":"The multi-faceted extracellular matrix: unlocking its secrets for understanding the perpetuation of lung fibrosis","volume":"2","author":"Nizamoglu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Tissue Microenviron Rep"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0202-2021"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2017.12.004"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.033191"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.030114"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201204-0754OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00451.2019"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2012-0335OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201407-320MG"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.02.008"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2020.105802","article-title":"The extracellular matrix and mechanotransduction in pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"126","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-023-00144-3","article-title":"Modelling and targeting mechanical forces in organ fibrosis","volume":"2","author":"Mascharak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Bioeng"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105635"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201508-1638OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e124529","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.124529","article-title":"Fibulin-1c regulates transforming growth factor-\u03b2 activation in pulmonary tissue fibrosis","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-025-00647-2","article-title":"Extracellular matrix stiffness: mechanisms in tumor progression and therapeutic potential in cancer","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3289","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16193289","article-title":"Epithelial\u2013mesenchymal plasticity and epigenetic heterogeneity in cancer","volume":"16","author":"Sacco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E17-01-0026"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.12.020","article-title":"May the (mechanical) force be with AT2","volume":"180","author":"Sainz de Aja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.11.027"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S192","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201802-144AW","article-title":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a genetic disease involving mucus and the peripheral airways","volume":"15","author":"Schwartz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2022-0264OC","article-title":"Targeting ATP12A, a nongastric proton pump \u03b1 subunit, for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treatment","volume":"68","author":"Abdelgied","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2023-0096ED","article-title":"ATP12A: connecting mucus and fibrosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"68","author":"Zabner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.02.001"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1089\/adt.2011.418","article-title":"Stretching mechanotransduction from the lung to the lab: approaches and physiological relevance in drug discovery","volume":"10","author":"Schmitt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Assay Drug Dev Technol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2015.10.005","article-title":"Cellular biomechanics in drug screening and evaluation: mechanopharmacology","volume":"37","author":"Krishnan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00163814"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00798-3"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-024-00745-z"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15040457","article-title":"The role of connections between cellular and tissue mechanical elements and the importance of applied energy in mechanotransduction in cancerous tissue","volume":"15","author":"Silver","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3906","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14163906","article-title":"Cancer-associated fibroblasts: tumorigenicity and targeting for cancer therapy","volume":"14","author":"Glabman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.73"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27681"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11050705","article-title":"LOXL1 is regulated by integrin \u03b111 and promotes non-small cell lung cancer tumorigenicity","volume":"11","author":"Zeltz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-023-02844-x"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14725"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112057","article-title":"Stiff extracellular matrix activates the transcription factor ATF5 to promote the proliferation of cancer cells","volume":"28","author":"Ishihara","year":"2025","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32376"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.35655"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2018.03.013","article-title":"Electrotaxis of tumor-initiating cells of H1975 lung adenocarcinoma cells is associated with both activation of stretch-activated cation channels (SACCs) and internal calcium release","volume":"124","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2015.254"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417-024-00761-z","article-title":"Hippo pathway in non-small cell lung cancer: mechanisms, potential targets, and biomarkers","volume":"31","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2025.102375","article-title":"Update on the relevance of mechanobiological mechanisms in lung cancer","volume":"55","author":"Gargalionis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl Oncol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0910061"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00419-2019"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00079-5","article-title":"Airway mucin MUC5AC and MUC5B concentrations and the initiation and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an analysis of the SPIROMICS cohort","volume":"9","author":"Radicioni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq5049"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810842","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.810842","article-title":"Mucus hypersecretion and ciliary impairment in conducting airway contribute to alveolar mucus plugging in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2502456"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200612-1772OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105670","article-title":"Computational fluid dynamics of small airway disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"114","author":"Mohamady","year":"2025","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsieh A , Vasilescu DM , Barker-Mulleder J , et al. Mucus plugs correlate with small airway remodelling in asthma: a case-control study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2025; in press [https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202501-0310OC].","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202501-0310OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-042220-015902","article-title":"The pathology of asthma: what is obstructing our view?","volume":"18","author":"Aegerter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol Mech Dis"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201409-1610OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI125669"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200213870"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30193","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-13501-6","article-title":"Mucus plug and lung cancer incidence in patients with COPD","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00191","article-title":"Airway remodeling in asthma","volume":"7","author":"Hough","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-1142"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200208-908PP"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L537","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00325.2018","article-title":"Small airway hyperresponsiveness in COPD: relationship between structure and function in lung slices","volume":"316","author":"Maarsingh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2020.09.008"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/rr86"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00136.2018"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0112-2016"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1223012"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.9-2-164","article-title":"Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis","volume":"9","author":"Murray","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021014-071931"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0066-3","article-title":"Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis","volume":"5","author":"Trapnell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00011010"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2013-0014TR"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00042.2024","article-title":"The evolving pathophysiology of bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"106","author":"Ambalavanan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15017","article-title":"Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: current concepts in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"77","author":"Barnes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.04507-2020"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9770","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54174-5","article-title":"Mechanics-activated fibroblasts promote pulmonary group 2 innate lymphoid cell plasticity propelling silicosis progression","volume":"15","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934763"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00096508"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2350\/09-01-0586.1"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00382-2019"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200208-876OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.155","first-page":"227","volume-title":"Lung Inflammation in Health and Disease","volume":"II","author":"Silveyra","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.02.002","article-title":"Personalized treatment of asthma: the importance of sex and gender differences","volume":"10","author":"Jenkins","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0111-2021"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201512-2379ED"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200704-553CC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289259","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1289259","article-title":"Sex-differences in COPD: from biological mechanisms to therapeutic considerations","volume":"11","author":"Milne","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.161","first-page":"1145","article-title":"Influence of sex on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk and treatment outcomes","volume":"9","author":"Aryal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.122002"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201608-1545OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.000318"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.5.8630615"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00562.2009"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201503-0487OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00109808"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200606-828OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-7-52"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2014.12.006","article-title":"Characterisation of the frequent exacerbator phenotype in COPD patients in a large UK primary care population","volume":"109","author":"McGarvey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.21.2345"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.4.2012"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10040822"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201011-1928OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00506-3","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in never-smokers: risk factors, pathogenesis, and implications for prevention and treatment","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0105-2021"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200602-163OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2019-214478"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.02.009"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00122.2011"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2935","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.5c00123","article-title":"Female fibroblast activation is estrogen-mediated in sex-specific 3D-bioprinted pulmonary artery adventitia models","volume":"11","author":"Mueller","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Biomater Sci Eng"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/esmoopen-2020-000796"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32716"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2023.10.007"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bqab254","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqab254","article-title":"Sex and gender differences in lung cancer and chronic obstructive lung disease","volume":"163","author":"Siegfried","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.03.005"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383503","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1383503","article-title":"The aging lung: microenvironment, mechanisms, and diseases","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101393"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3559","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2022.tb00223.x","article-title":"Remodeling of the aged and emphysematous lungs: roles of microenvironmental cues","volume":"12","author":"Suki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.64.4.1659"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1270261"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00079805"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00334.2022"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381470","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1381470","article-title":"Effects of aging on the biomechanical properties of the lung extracellular matrix: dependence on tissular stretch","volume":"12","author":"Ulldemolins","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00415.2017"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00088403"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ciia.2006.1.3.253"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dev199726","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.199726","article-title":"Transmural pressure signals through retinoic acid to regulate lung branching","volume":"149","author":"Jaslove","year":"2022","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2015.08.012"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI132189"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering8080110","article-title":"How do mechanics guide fibroblast activity? Complex disruptions during emphysema shape cellular responses and limit research","volume":"8","author":"Leslie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineering (Basel)"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(01)00321-X"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2023.100713","article-title":"Breathing on chip: dynamic flow and stretch accelerate mucociliary maturation of airway epithelium in vitro","volume":"21","author":"Nawroth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2022-0340OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18841-7"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.187922"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.111133298"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00261.2018"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.898208"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-9048(03)00145-9"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2024.102324"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2011.05.006"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.4161\/cam.5.2.13728","article-title":"Free edges in epithelia as cues for motility","volume":"5","author":"Klarlund","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Adh Migr"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00014.2013"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00361.2009"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2022.07.006"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtv.2009.11.004"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135266"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00452.x"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-009-0834-6"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2018.01.020"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19328","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.19328","article-title":"Integrin signaling in tumor biology: mechanisms of intercellular crosstalk and emerging targeted therapies","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1017\/qrd.2024.28","article-title":"Integrin force loading rate in mechanobiology: from model to molecular measurement","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"QRB Discov"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15020166","article-title":"Integrin and its associated proteins as a mediator for mechano-signal transduction","volume":"15:","author":"Katoh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-019-0134-2"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01376"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14818"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00824"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5157","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2023.tb00284.x","article-title":"Mechanosensitive channels in lung health and disease","volume":"13","author":"Migulina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6923","DOI":"10.3390\/s24216923","article-title":"TRPV4 \u2013 a multifunctional cellular sensor protein with therapeutic potential","volume":"24","author":"Koskim\u00e4ki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20230042","article-title":"Joining forces: crosstalk between mechanosensitive PIEZO1 ion channels and integrin-mediated focal adhesions","volume":"51","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2023.108528","article-title":"Novel approaches to target fibroblast mechanotransduction in fibroproliferative diseases","volume":"250","author":"Ezzo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.12.015","article-title":"Piezo2 is a key mechanoreceptor in lung fibrosis that drives myofibroblast differentiation","volume":"195","author":"Freeberg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15665"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.201201-003AW"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524015666150921105339"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2012.10.005"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI88555"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6202","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136202","article-title":"Therapeutic prospects of \u03b1v integrins inhibition in fibrotic lung diseases and carcinogenesis","volume":"26","author":"Golovina","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15091233","article-title":"Targeting focal adhesion kinase in lung diseases: current progress and future directions","volume":"15","author":"Wan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1302631"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725275","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.725275","article-title":"Mechanically activated calcium channel PIEZO1 modulates radiation-induced epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition by forming a positive feedback with TGF-\u03b21","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI75331"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s415XX-XXX-XXXX-X"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2013.02.017"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2017.06.010"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2006.10.001"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevOncog.2018029433","article-title":"Cancer stem cells, their microenvironment and anoikis","volume":"24","author":"Ayla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncog"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-022-02787-5","article-title":"Extracellular matrix stiffness mediates radiosensitivity in a 3D nasopharyngeal carcinoma model","volume":"22","author":"Fang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-003-1074-4"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb8020018","article-title":"Cellular morphology-mediated proliferation and drug sensitivity of breast cancer cells","volume":"8","author":"Domura","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Funct Biomater"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00486.2016"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2011.tb00360.x","article-title":"Lung parenchymal mechanics","volume":"1","author":"Suki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.5.9801068"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.83.5.1420","article-title":"Dynamic properties of lung parenchyma: mechanical contributions of fiber network and interstitial cells","volume":"83","author":"Yuan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1116995"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L708","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00408.2017","article-title":"Distinct niches within the extracellular matrix dictate fibroblast function in (cell free) 3D lung tissue cultures","volume":"314","author":"Burgstaller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1890"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3523","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2022.tb00222.x","article-title":"Extracellular matrix stiffness in lung health and disease","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI71386"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2018.03.005"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201004082"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00154.2014"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12928","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312928","article-title":"Baseline stiffness modulates the non-linear response to stretch of the extracellular matrix in pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"22","author":"J\u00fanior","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4013","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20164013","article-title":"Matrisome properties of scaffolds direct fibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"20","author":"Elowsson Rendin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989169","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.989169","article-title":"Substrate stiffness engineered to replicate disease conditions influence senescence and fibrotic responses in primary lung fibroblasts","volume":"13","author":"Blokland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C298","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00913.2024","article-title":"The stiffness of extracellular matrix (ECM) in regulating cellular metabolism","volume":"329","author":"Zha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2020-0227OC","article-title":"Cellular microenvironment stiffness regulates eicosanoid production and signaling pathways","volume":"63","author":"Berhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ar114","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E23-11-0428","article-title":"Pulmonary matrix-derived hydrogels from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis induce a proinflammatory state in lung fibroblasts in vitro","volume":"35","author":"Fernandez Davila","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2025.05.011","article-title":"Integration of mechanics and immunology: perspective for understanding fibrotic disease mechanisms and innovating therapeutic strategies","volume":"199","author":"Lei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107575"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4474","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.0c00448","article-title":"Matrix stiffness regulates chemosensitivity, stemness characteristics, and autophagy in breast cancer cells","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl Bio Mater"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100096","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202100096","article-title":"Extracellular matrix in synthetic hydrogel-based prostate cancer organoids regulate therapeutic response to EZH2 and DRD2 inhibitors","volume":"34","author":"Mosquera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24009-8"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00108.2012"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12564"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c6ib00027d"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21387"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15071","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c18330","article-title":"Chemical modification of human decellularized extracellular matrix for incorporation into phototunable hybrid-hydrogel models of tissue fibrosis","volume":"15","author":"Hewawasam","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"021503","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0194539","article-title":"Engineering approaches for understanding mechanical memory in cancer metastasis","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"APL Bioeng"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ib00149g"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu Y , Nizamoglu M , Zhao F , et al. Contrasting responses of control and fibrotic lung fibroblasts to fibrotic stimuli: the role of osteoprotegerin in extracellular matrix remodeling. bioRxiv 2025; preprint [https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.02.20.639137].","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.02.20.639137"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2022.0040","article-title":"Viscoelastic biomaterials for tissue regeneration","volume":"28","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part C Methods"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2612-2"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10464","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10464","article-title":"Hydrogel viscoelasticity modulates migration and fusion of mesenchymal stem cell spheroids","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioeng Transl Med"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4489"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7364"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1039\/D1BM01089A","article-title":"Stress relaxation amplitude of hydrogels determines migration, proliferation, and morphology of cells in 3-D culture","volume":"10","author":"Hazur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-021-00981-w"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3113","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13183113","article-title":"Architecture and composition dictate viscoelastic properties of organ-derived extracellular matrix hydrogels","volume":"13","author":"Martinez-Garcia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.35254"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201108062"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906504107"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.363"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201503950","article-title":"Independent control of topography for 3D patterning of the ECM microenvironment","volume":"28","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123136","article-title":"Engineering multifunctional surface topography to regulate multiple biological responses","volume":"319","author":"Asadi Tokmedash","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.30467","article-title":"Nanoscale topography modulates corneal epithelial cell migration","volume":"75","author":"Diehl","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res A"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.06.042"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2016.03.021","article-title":"Tuning cell adhesion on polymeric and nanocomposite surfaces: role of topography versus superhydrophobicity","volume":"63","author":"Zangi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2009.04.003"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.11.022"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.0c00001","article-title":"Topography-mediated fibroblast cell migration is influenced by direction, wavelength, and amplitude","volume":"3","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl Bio Mater"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/am100346k"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2015.01.016","article-title":"Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells feature selective migration behavior on submicro- and nano-dimensional multi-patterned substrates","volume":"16","author":"Klymov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201810-1855OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36005","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.19.3.036005","article-title":"Quantification of collagen I in airway tissues using second harmonic generation","volume":"19","author":"Tjin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41621-y"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4439(98)00071-4","article-title":"Interactions of surfactant protein A with epithelial cells and phagocytes","volume":"1408","author":"Tino","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Act"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201411-507FR"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.04165-2020"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e88027","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.88027","article-title":"Airway epithelial homeostasis and planar cell polarity signaling depend on multiciliated cell differentiation","volume":"1","author":"Vladar","year":"2016","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12040732","article-title":"How does airway surface liquid composition vary in different pulmonary diseases, and how can we use this knowledge to model microbial infections?","volume":"12","author":"Walsh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1229-1","article-title":"Determination of rheology and surface tension of airway surface liquid: a review of clinical relevance and measurement techniques","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2008.04.020"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L910","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00274.2018","article-title":"Buffer drains and mucus is transported upward in a tilted mucus clearance assay","volume":"315","author":"Carpenter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-020-0980-z","article-title":"Active mucus\u2013cilia hydrodynamic coupling drives self-organization of human bronchial epithelium","volume":"16","author":"Loiseau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Physics"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57667-z","article-title":"Structure and function relationships of mucociliary clearance in human and rat airways","volume":"16","author":"Roth","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abb1298"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2013-0237OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05771"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2040"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2017-0436OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.324","first-page":"S46","article-title":"Cell turnover in the lung","volume":"128","author":"Bowden","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.325","unstructured":"Virchow R . Die Cellularpathologie in ihrer Begr\u00fcndung auf physiologische und pathologische Gewebelehre [Cellular pathology, based on physiological and pathological histology]. Berlin, Hirschwald, 1858. Available from: https:\/\/collections.nlm.nih.gov\/ext\/dw\/61220740R\/PDF\/61220740R.pdf"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.326","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.06.024"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e19428","article-title":"Dissecting pulmonary fibroblasts heterogeneity in lung development, health and diseases","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2922-4"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02327-2"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-024-00716-0"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00300.2014"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.332","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wdev.371"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.333","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MATBIO.2023.05.001"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7333"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1039\/D4BM00906A","article-title":"Influence of lung extracellular matrix from non-IPF and IPF donors on primary human lung fibroblast biology","volume":"13","author":"Dabaghi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.336","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L59","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00030.2018","article-title":"Greater cellular stiffness in fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"315","author":"Jaffar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.337","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-020-09909-3"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-015-9723-4","article-title":"Fibroblast activation protein increases metastatic potential of fibrosarcoma line HT1080 through upregulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathways","volume":"32","author":"Baird","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Metastasis"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.339","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0127-2023"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"021302","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0134177","article-title":"A roadmap for developing and engineering in vitro pulmonary fibrosis models","volume":"4","author":"Dabaghi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biophys Rev"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.05.031","article-title":"An in vitro model of fibrosis using crosslinked native extracellular matrix-derived hydrogels to modulate biomechanics without changing composition","volume":"147","author":"Nizamoglu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomaterialia"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.342","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15071","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c18330","article-title":"Chemical modification of human decellularized extracellular matrix for incorporation into phototunable hybrid-hydrogel models of tissue fibrosis","volume":"15","author":"Hewawasam","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl Material Interfaces"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13281"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7133","DOI":"10.1039\/D2BM00827K","article-title":"Alveolar epithelial cells and microenvironmental stiffness synergistically drive fibroblast activation in three-dimensional hydrogel lung models","volume":"10","author":"Caracena","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-024-03167-7","article-title":"The effect of the mechanodynamic lung environment on fibroblast phenotype via the Flexcell","volume":"24","author":"Al Yazeedi","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L547","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00356.2023","article-title":"Piezo channels modulate human lung fibroblast function","volume":"327","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5997","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-90753-2","article-title":"Cyclic mechanical loading of photopolymerized methacrylated hydrogels for probing interdependent effects of strain, stiffness, and substrate composition in pulmonary fibrogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.348","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.105530","article-title":"A novel mechanoeffector role of fibroblast S100A4 in myofibroblast transdifferentiation and fibrosis","volume":"300","author":"Southern","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188302"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.350","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2021.06.002"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3671","DOI":"10.1039\/D3LC00259D","article-title":"Bidirectional airflow in lung airway-on-a-chip with matrix-derived membrane elicits epithelial glycocalyx formation","volume":"23","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-01695-0","article-title":"Second-generation lung-on-a-chip with an array of stretchable alveoli made with a biological membrane","volume":"4","author":"Zamprogno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.353","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.105518","article-title":"Microdevice-based mechanical compression on living cells","volume":"25","author":"Onal","year":"2022","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.354","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0410031-04100312","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4044899","article-title":"A modified parallel plate flow chamber to study local endothelial response to recirculating disturbed flow","volume":"142","author":"Sedlak","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995460","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.995460","article-title":"A tunable physiomimetic stretch system evaluated with precision-cut lung slices and recellularized human lung scaffolds","volume":"10","author":"Rosmark","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00562-2024"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.357","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adu5905"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.358","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2021.04.002"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.359","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1177\/08853282231182491","article-title":"Application of cell laden hydrogels with temporally tunable stiffness in biomedical research","volume":"38","author":"AhmadianKia","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Biomater Appl"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07330-2"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2023.07.006","article-title":"Beyond matrix stiffness: targeting force-induced cancer drug resistance","volume":"9","author":"Kalli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201439246"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.363","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00055","article-title":"Defining the role of solid stress and matrix stiffness in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis","volume":"8","author":"Kalli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-018-1997-7"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.365","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2014.08.031"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080447"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.367","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4034991"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.368","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-022-01252-0"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.369","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.Can-22-2034"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.370","first-page":"7","article-title":"Antiangiogenic therapy for cancer: current and emerging concepts","volume":"19","author":"Jain","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oncology (Williston Park)"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.371","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2019.1702974"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.372","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-95294-9_6","article-title":"Mechanical forces in tumor angiogenesis","volume":"1092","author":"Zanotelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.11.006"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.374","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00170","article-title":"FGF signaling in lung development and disease: human versus mouse","volume":"10","author":"Danopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2024.105648","article-title":"Differences in the anatomy and physiology of the human and rat respiratory tracts and impact on toxicological assessments","volume":"150","author":"Stucki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.376","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.09.003","article-title":"Visceral pleura mechanics: characterization of human, pig, and rat lung material properties","volume":"189","author":"Ramirez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.377","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407661","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202407661","article-title":"Modulating fibrotic mechanical microenvironment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis therapy","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.378","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2024.2323528","article-title":"A modest proposal: targeting \u03b1v integrin-mediated activation of latent TGF\u03b2 as a novel therapeutic approach to treat scleroderma fibrosis","volume":"33","author":"Leask","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-021-01863-0"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174618","article-title":"Pharmacological characterisation of GSK3335103, an oral \u03b1v\u03b26 integrin small molecule RGD-mimetic inhibitor for the treatment of fibrotic disease","volume":"913","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202112-2824OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.382","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107666","article-title":"TGF\u03b2-directed therapeutics: 2020","volume":"217","author":"Teicher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.383","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01992-2018"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.384","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207429"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13030491","article-title":"Targeting lysyl oxidase family meditated matrix cross-linking as an anti-stromal therapy in solid tumours","volume":"13","author":"Setargew","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202410-1934OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.387","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202403-0636OC","article-title":"Bexotegrast in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: the INTEGRIS-IPF clinical trial","volume":"210","author":"Lancaster","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00663-2018"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.389","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)30421-0","article-title":"Efficacy of simtuzumab versus placebo in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a randomised, double-blind, controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"5","author":"Raghu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.390","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200906-0964OC"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2414108","article-title":"Nerandomilast in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"392","author":"Richeldi","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2022-001563"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.393","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-094559"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.394","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-02047-0","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of the safety and efficacy of recombinant human pentraxin-2 (rhPTX-2) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF): an open-label extension study","volume":"23","author":"Raghu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30172-9","article-title":"Long-term treatment with recombinant human pentraxin 2 protein in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an open-label extension study","volume":"7","author":"Raghu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.6129"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.397","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107374","article-title":"Parenteral treprostinil induction for rapid attainment of therapeutic doses of oral treprostinil","volume":"218","author":"Miller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.398","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-204150"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.399","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.2c00149","article-title":"Evaluating a specific dual ROCK inhibitor against bleomycin-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in rats","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms13078293"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI66700"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2013.07.008"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.403","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7099","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61795-x","article-title":"Inhibition of epithelial cell YAP-TEAD\/LOX signaling attenuates pulmonary fibrosis in preclinical models","volume":"16","author":"Wagner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11863-w","article-title":"Evaluation of integrin \u03b1v\u03b26 cystine knot PET tracers to detect cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"10","author":"Kimura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-023-06564-y","article-title":"Initial results with [18F]FAPI-74 PET\/CT in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"51","author":"Mori","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.406","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-025-07376-y","article-title":"[68Ga]FAPI PET\/CT reveals increased pulmonary fibroblast activation protein expression in long COVID patients after ICU discharge","volume":"53","author":"van Leer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s40658-025-00802-y","article-title":"Optimal image-derived input function models for multi-parameter analysis and acceptably reduced acquisition time in [18F]F-FAPI-42 PET total-body dynamic imaging for lung cancer","volume":"12","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"EJNMMI Phys"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.408","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.70062","article-title":"Theranostics targeting fibroblast activation protein in the pan-cancer field","volume":"157","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2026020406552431000_35.179.250155.409","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3613","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00232","article-title":"SPECT imaging of lysyl oxidase-like 2 in a model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"20","author":"Vizier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"}],"container-title":["European Respiratory Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/16000617.0155-2025","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T11:19:54Z","timestamp":1770290394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/16000617.0155-2025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":409,"journal-issue":{"issue":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/16000617.0155-2025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/16000617.0155-2025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0905-9180","1600-0617"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-9180","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0617","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}}}