{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T02:48:41Z","timestamp":1794019721360,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"164","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir Rev"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is frequently associated with comorbidities that include metabolic, cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary and neuropsychiatric. There is considerable evidence that OSA is an independent risk factor for many of these comorbidities but, more recently, there is evidence that some of these comorbidities may predispose to the development of OSA. Thus, there is growing evidence of a bidirectional relationship between OSA and comorbidity, especially for heart failure, metabolic syndrome and stroke. Potential mechanisms of bidirectional relationships differ in individual comorbidities with fluid retention and redistribution being especially important in heart failure and end-stage renal disease, whereas neural mechanisms may be more important in diabetes mellitus and stroke. The evidence for other comorbidities, such as hypertension and atrial fibrillation, support these being more a consequence of OSA with limited evidence to support a bidirectional relationship. The present review explores the evidence for such bidirectional relationships with a particular perspective on comorbidities that may predispose to OSA. The impact of therapy in bidirectional relationships is also reviewed, which highlights the clinical importance of accurate diagnosis. This aspect is especially true of COPD, where the identification of co-existing OSA has important implications for optimum therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0256-2021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T04:40:13Z","timestamp":1651639213000},"page":"210256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":178,"title":["Bidirectional relationships of comorbidity with obstructive sleep apnoea"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Margaret","family":"Gleeson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5927-2738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter T.","family":"McNicholas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome","volume":"1","author":"L\u00e9vy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2019.1575204","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea and comorbidity \u2013 an overview of the association and impact of continuous positive airway pressure therapy","volume":"13","author":"McNicholas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00027406"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2015.11.010","article-title":"Intermittent hypoxia-induced cardiovascular remodeling is reversed by normoxia in a mouse model of sleep apnea","volume":"149","author":"Castro-Grattoni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2014.07.003"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00111208"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4687","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272114","article-title":"CrossTalk proposal: metabolic syndrome causes sleep apnoea","volume":"594","author":"Vgontzas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01818-2016"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01731-2016"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00047010"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01963-2021"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02400-2017"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02721-2017"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.53.2008.S25"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.045"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4691","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272115","article-title":"CrossTalk opposing view: sleep apnoea causes metabolic syndrome","volume":"594","author":"Phillips","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08071161"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2012.08.002"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801603"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-007-9012-7"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201912-2511OC","article-title":"Effects of weight loss on obstructive sleep apnea severity. ten-year results of the sleep AHEAD study","volume":"203","author":"Kuna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5314","article-title":"Maxillomandibular volume influences the relationship between weight loss and improvement in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"39","author":"Sutherland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-201001"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27181","article-title":"Does CPAP lead to change in BMI?","volume":"4","author":"Redenius","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CHEST.2017.05.009"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-2403"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00162713"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-1844"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201312-2209OC"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1306187"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6502","article-title":"VAMONOS (Veterans Affairs\u2019 Metabolism, Obstructed and Non-Obstructed Sleep) study: effects of CPAP Therapy on glucose metabolism in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"13","author":"Ioachimescu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-2004"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-0675"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00226711"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.14.1829"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005113421901"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.016","article-title":"Relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and essential hypertension: a dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Xia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000160207.58781.4e"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"010405","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.08.010405","article-title":"Association of obstructive sleep apnea with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7870","article-title":"Nondipping nocturnal blood pressure predicts sleep apnea in patients with hypertension","volume":"15","author":"Crinion","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207231"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00338-2021"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8354"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zsy265","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsy265","article-title":"Mild-to-moderate sleep apnea is associated with incident hypertension: age effect","volume":"42","author":"Vgontzas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01822-2017"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01945-2019"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00007213"},{"issue":"Suppl. 34","key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4231","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.12.57","article-title":"Systemic hypertension in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"10","author":"Lombardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6054","article-title":"Effect of antihypertensive medications on the severity of obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Khurshid","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.04.017","article-title":"Heart failure and sleep apnea","volume":"31","author":"Lyons","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000988","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"144","author":"Yeghiazarians","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.901801"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201403-0526OC"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.16.1716"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00218211"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.12.046"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu522"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.15420\/ecr.2020.10","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: continuous positive airway pressure therapy for prevention of cardiovascular risk","volume":"15","author":"Resano-Barrio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Cardiol"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200303273481327"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00004513"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71141-7"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.6.2076"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606599"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.4.2116"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00037106"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.245159"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.08.012"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201102-0350OC"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fiori CZ , Martinez D , Montanari CC , et al. Diuretic or sodium-restricted diet for obstructive sleep apnea \u2013 a randomized trial. Sleep 2018; 41: zsy016. doi:10.1093\/sleep\/zsy016","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsy016"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0311"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.01.050","article-title":"Who may benefit from diuretics in OSA? A propensity score-match observational study","volume":"158","author":"Revol","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2509"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.004","article-title":"Sleep apnea and chronic kidney disease: a state-of-the-art review","volume":"157","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4922","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17144922","article-title":"Interrelationship among obstructive sleep apnea, renal function and survival: a cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Pochetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0894-0959.2004.17206.x"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-1809"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.4946","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and kidney disease: a potential bidirectional relationship?","volume":"11","author":"Abuyassin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01789-2016"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03520708"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2174\/1573402112666160114094222","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and sleeping disordered breathing (SDB)","volume":"12","author":"Santos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rev"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201412-2288OC"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm309"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019029"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.84","first-page":"zsx181","article-title":"Sleep apnea and kidney function trajectory: results From a 20-year longitudinal study of healthy middle-aged adults","volume":"41","author":"Canales","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12739","article-title":"Association of sleep apnoea with chronic kidney disease in a large cohort from Taiwan","volume":"21","author":"Chu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.04.020","article-title":"Fixed but not autoadjusting positive airway pressure attenuates the time-dependent decline in glomerular filtration rate in patients with OSA","volume":"154","author":"Marrone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.52.8468","article-title":"Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure on the glomerular filtration rate in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Koga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.11.052","article-title":"Effect of CPAP therapy on kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease: a pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"159","author":"Rimke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201703-0603OC","article-title":"Effect of obstructive sleep apnea treatment on renal function in patients with cardiovascular disease","volume":"196","author":"Loffler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14201","article-title":"EAN\/ERS\/ESO\/ESRS statement on the impact of sleep disorders on risk and outcome of stroke","volume":"27","author":"Bassetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.12.230"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200911-1746OC"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200505-702OC"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2008.11.003"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1159\/000440736","article-title":"Observational study of obstructive sleep apnea in wake-up stroke: the SLEEP TIGHT Study","volume":"41","author":"Koo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27760"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7832","article-title":"Effect of CPAP treatment of sleep apnea on clinical prognosis after ischemic stroke: an observational study","volume":"15","author":"Haba-Rubio","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12181"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.05.615","article-title":"Self-reported snoring patterns predict stroke events in high-risk patients with OSA: post hoc analyses of the SAVE study","volume":"158","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7034"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1222","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005262","article-title":"CPAP as treatment of sleep apnea after stroke: a meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"90","author":"Brill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008841","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.008841","article-title":"Diagnosing and treating sleep apnea in patients with acute cerebrovascular disease","volume":"7","author":"Bravata","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006904"},{"issue":"Suppl. 34","key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4244","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.12.66","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing and stroke: chicken or egg?","volume":"10","author":"Alexiev","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.3.293","article-title":"Relationship of sleep apnea to functional capacity and length of hospitalization following stroke","volume":"26","author":"Kaneko","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12740","article-title":"Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on neurological recovery after ischemic stroke: a prospective study","volume":"136","author":"Menon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2007.70"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.04.160","article-title":"COPD-OSA overlap syndrome: evolving evidence regarding epidemiology, clinical consequences and management","volume":"152","author":"McNicholas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2203046"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201506-379LE","article-title":"High prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"12","author":"Soler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1159\/000368615","article-title":"Predictors of the overlap syndrome and its association with comorbidities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"88","author":"Steveling","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00455.2014"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-2948"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-012-0540-9","article-title":"Environmental and non-infectious factors in the aetiology of pharyngitis (sore throat)","volume":"61","author":"Renner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12062","article-title":"Integrating the overlap of obstructive lung disease and obstructive sleep apnoea: OLDOSA syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Ioachimescu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-013-0850-3","article-title":"Increased prevalence of obstructive lung disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"18","author":"Greenberg-Dotan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5960","article-title":"Sleep apnea and obstructive airway disease in older men: outcomes of sleep disorders in older men study","volume":"39","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.04.019","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea exacerbates airway inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-016-9946-4","article-title":"Intermittent hypoxia contributes to the lung damage by increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and disbalance in protease\/antiprotease system","volume":"194","author":"Tuleta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200912-1869OC"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00192008"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14170","article-title":"Depression in sleep disturbance: a review on a bidirectional relationship, mechanisms and treatment","volume":"23","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.03.011","article-title":"Frequency and predictors of obstructive sleep apnea among individuals with major depressive disorder and insomnia","volume":"67","author":"Ong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n1009"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4833","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004833","article-title":"Bidirectional association between obstructive sleep apnea and depression: a population-based longitudinal study","volume":"95","author":"Pan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00858-2017"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.16.1709"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.11.007","article-title":"Mood disorders in healthy elderly with obstructive sleep apnea: a gender effect","volume":"19","author":"Sforza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01361-2016"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001762"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.5020","article-title":"Depressive symptoms before and after treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in men and women","volume":"11","author":"Edwards","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198209000-00008","article-title":"Prevalence of sleep apnea and nocturnal myoclonus in major affective disorders: clinical and polysomnographic findings","volume":"170","author":"Reynolds","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.133","first-page":"000012","article-title":"Depression, obstructive sleep apnea and psychosocial health","volume":"1","author":"Jehan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med Disord"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-019-01954-9","article-title":"Efficacy of antidepressants in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea compared to placebo. A systematic review with meta-analyses","volume":"24","author":"AbdelFattah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"2024102404025710000_31.164.210256.135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26363","article-title":"Sedating medications and undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea: physician determinants and patient consequences","volume":"1","author":"Lu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"}],"container-title":["European Respiratory Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/16000617.0256-2021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T00:05:03Z","timestamp":1740355503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/16000617.0256-2021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"references-count":135,"journal-issue":{"issue":"164","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/16000617.0256-2021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/16000617.0256-2021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0905-9180","1600-0617"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-9180","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0617","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]}}}