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Meta-analysis<jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>a hierarchical model to calculate the summary area under the curve (AUC) and pooled sensitivity and specificity for both DL and physicians was performed. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Prediction Model Study Risk of Bias Assessment Tool.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 56 of the 63 primary studies, pneumothorax was identified from chest radiography. The total AUC was 0.97 (95% CI 0.96\u20130.98) for both DL and physicians. The total pooled sensitivity was 84% (95% CI 79\u201389%) for DL and 85% (95% CI 73\u201392%) for physicians and the pooled specificity was 96% (95% CI 94\u201398%) for DL and 98% (95% CI 95\u201399%) for physicians. More than half of the original studies (57%) had a high risk of bias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our review found the diagnostic performance of DL models was similar to that of physicians, although the majority of studies had a high risk of bias. Further pneumothorax AI research is needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0259-2022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T08:31:21Z","timestamp":1686126681000},"page":"220259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Deep learning for pneumothorax diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Sugibayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon L.","family":"Walston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshimasa","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhito","family":"Mitsuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukio","family":"Miki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3878-3616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daiju","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102404123371000_32.168.220259.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7506.1493"},{"key":"2024102404123371000_32.168.220259.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003233421207"},{"key":"2024102404123371000_32.168.220259.3","first-page":"1379","article-title":"Incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax in Olmsted County, Minnesota: 1950 to 1974","volume":"120","author":"Melton","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2024102404123371000_32.168.220259.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10061372"},{"key":"2024102404123371000_32.168.220259.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450170072025"},{"key":"2024102404123371000_32.168.220259.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.04030324"},{"key":"2024102404123371000_32.168.220259.7","first-page":"365","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumothorax in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: complications, treatment and recurrences","volume":"71","author":"Videm","year":"1987","journal-title":"Eur J Respir Dis"},{"key":"2024102404123371000_32.168.220259.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2013.12.016","article-title":"Actionable findings and the role of IT support: report of the ACR Actionable Reporting Work Group","volume":"11","author":"Larson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"2024102404123371000_32.168.220259.9","unstructured":"United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) . 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