{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:22:28Z","timestamp":1791994948984,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"159","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir Rev"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The impact of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) on health and wellbeing is not well understood. This review aims to evaluate the health and wellbeing of individuals with LTBI.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A systematic literature search was performed to assess studies reporting patient-reported outcomes in LTBI management including health-related quality of life (HRQoL), health utilities, disease burden and experience of individuals with LTBI. A pooled analysis was performed to estimate the effect of LTBI on HRQoL.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A total of 4464 studies were screened, of which 13 eligible articles describing nine unique studies were included for review. The HRQoL of individuals with LTBI and without tuberculosis (TB) infection were comparable, and better than patients with active TB disease. However, individuals with LTBI reported poorer mental health compared with individuals without TB infection (mean difference \u22124.16, 95% CI \u22127.45\u2013\u2009\u22120.87; p=0.01). Qualitative studies suggest the presence of fear, anxiety and stigma in individuals with LTBI.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This review highlights potential psychosocial challenges in individuals with LTBI despite the absence of clinical symptoms. While their quality of life was marginally affected, this could be evidence to support LTBI management in preventing TB re-activation and the severe consequences of active TB disease that affect all domains of HRQoL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0260-2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T13:38:04Z","timestamp":1609940284000},"page":"200260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Impact of latent tuberculosis infection on health and wellbeing: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6322-6985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen Jun","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noorliza Mohd","family":"Noordin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salmaan","family":"Keshavjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7361-6576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaun Wen Huey","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Tuberculosis Key Facts. Geneva, 2020. Available from: www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/tuberculosis Date last accessed August 7, 2020."},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-012-0329-x"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-7-14"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.16.0584"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00193413"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.6","unstructured":"United Nations. Political Declaration of the UN General Assembly High Level Meeting. New York, 2018. www.who.int\/tb\/unhlmonTBDeclaration.pdf Date last accessed August 7, 2020."},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.7","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Tuberculosis (TB) \u2013 Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI)- FAQs. Geneva, 2015 www.who.int\/tb\/areas-of-work\/preventive-care\/ltbi\/faqs\/en\/ Date last accessed August 7, 2020."},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.8","unstructured":"World Health Organization. The End TB Strategy. Geneva, 2018. www.who.int\/tb\/post2015_TBstrategy.pdf?ua=1 Date last accessed August 7, 2020."},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.12.045","article-title":"Health status and quality of life in tuberculosis","volume":"32","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.11.006"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546042","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/546042","article-title":"Knowledge and perceptions of latent tuberculosis infection among Chinese immigrants in a canadian urban centre","volume":"2015","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Family Med"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.15.0066","article-title":"Sociocultural dimensions of tuberculosis: an overview of key concepts","volume":"19","author":"Mason","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21767\/1791-809X.1000484","article-title":"Health status and quality of life in tuberculosis: systematic review of study design, instruments, measuring properties and outcomes","volume":"11","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Sci J"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-016-0442-6","article-title":"Health-related quality of life and its association with medication adherence in active pulmonary tuberculosis \u2013 a systematic review of global literature with focus on South Africa","volume":"14","author":"Kastien-Hilka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687-019-0171-9","article-title":"Development of a framework with tools to support the selection and implementation of patient-reported outcome measures","volume":"3","author":"van der Wees","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Patient Rep Outcomes"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-019-1220-z","article-title":"The impact of patient-reported outcome (PRO) data from clinical trials: a systematic review and critical analysis","volume":"17","author":"Rivera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-014-0858-6","article-title":"The impact of tuberculosis on health utility: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Bauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-015-0250-4","article-title":"Health-related quality of life and tuberculosis: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Bauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.20","first-page":"32","article-title":"Stigma and Therapy completion for latent tuberculosis among Haitian-origin patients","volume":"7","author":"Coreil","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fla Public Health Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S102","DOI":"10.1177\/027298902237706","article-title":"Measurement of health preferences among patients with tuberculous infection and disease","volume":"22","author":"Dion","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Deci Making"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:QURE.0000021320.89524.64"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.19.0255","article-title":"Latent tuberculosis in pregnant women: a patient perspective","volume":"24","author":"Jansson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-1494"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2008.00355.x"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302431","article-title":"Mortality hazard and survival after tuberculosis treatment","volume":"105","author":"Miller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005080"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0755"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-019-1228-4","article-title":"Quality of life of patients on treatment for latent tuberculosis infection: a mixed-method study in Stockholm, Sweden","volume":"17","author":"Shedrawy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.30","first-page":"127","article-title":"Is the quality of life different in patients with active and inactive tuberculosis?","volume":"55","author":"Unalan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.31","unstructured":"Wells G , Shea B , O'Connell D , et al. The Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. 2011. www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp Date last accessed August 7, 2020."},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.32","unstructured":"Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Qualitative Checklist. 2018 www.casp-uk.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/CASP-Qualitative-Checklist-2018.pdf Date last accessed August 7, 2020."},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins JPT , Thomas J , Chandler J , et al. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, version 6.0 [updated July 2019]. Cochrane, 2019.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S104807"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-016-0161-z","article-title":"Measurement and control of bias in patient reported outcomes using multidimensional item response theory","volume":"16","author":"Dowling","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.37","first-page":"A68","article-title":"Mobilizing Action Toward Community Health (MATCH): metrics, incentives, and partnerships for population health","volume":"7","author":"Kindig","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e416","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.2495","article-title":"Barriers to treatment adherence for individuals with latent tuberculosis infection: a systematic search and narrative synthesis of the literature","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Health Plann Manage"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-018-0960-5","article-title":"Development and validation of the pulmonary tuberculosis scale of the system of Quality of Life Instruments for Chronic Diseases (QLICD-PT)","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.40","first-page":"261","article-title":"Health related quality of life (HRQL) scoring (DR-12 score) in tuberculosis \u2013 additional evaluative tool under DOTS","volume":"37","author":"Dhingra","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Commun Dis"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-013-0571-x","article-title":"Factors associated with health-related quality of life among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Manila, the Philippines","volume":"23","author":"Masumoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-630","article-title":"Psychometric testing of the short version of the World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Taiwan","volume":"12","author":"Chung","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.43","first-page":"1361","article-title":"Relationship between quality of life and characteristics of patients hospitalised with tuberculosis","volume":"9","author":"Duyan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2005.00291.x"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03327351"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp14X682381"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.47","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19\u201322 June 1946 and entered into force on 7 April 1948. 1948. www.who.int\/about\/who-we-are\/constitution Date last accessed August 7, 2020."},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30371-6","article-title":"Life after tuberculosis: planning for health","volume":"7","author":"Basham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2024102403522361000_30.159.200260.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1196","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30386-3","article-title":"High-quality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era: time for a revolution","volume":"6","author":"Kruk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"}],"container-title":["European Respiratory Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/16000617.0260-2020","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T05:02:32Z","timestamp":1740373352000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/16000617.0260-2020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"159","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/16000617.0260-2020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/16000617.0260-2020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0905-9180","1600-0617"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-9180","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0617","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]}}}