{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T14:12:54Z","timestamp":1793369574921,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ersjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Breathe"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), particularly given the approval of antifibrotic agents for conditions like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Diagnosing fibrotic pulmonary disorders through HRCT involves a detailed and methodical examination. The identification of specific lung tissue changes, including ground-glass opacities and reticulation, along with signs of fibrosis like honeycombing, traction bronchiectasis and lung volume loss, establishes clear HRCT patterns indicative of various ILDs. The reliability of these patterns in predicting pathological conditions depends largely on the clinical context. For instance, when a usual interstitial pneumonia pattern is present, the predictive value of this diagnosis is so high that a lung biopsy is considered to be redundant. This review intends to delineate the HRCT signs of fibrosis, elucidate the specific radiological patterns of fibrotic lung diseases, and identify the clinical circumstances under which these patterns emerge. Additionally, we introduce and discuss novel imaging techniques that hold promise for the diagnosis, screening and early detection of ILDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.0006-2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T04:25:44Z","timestamp":1715660744000},"page":"240006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Imaging in the diagnosis and management of fibrosing interstitial lung diseases"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Christoph","family":"Lederer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Storman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam Domonkos","family":"Tarnoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Laszlo","family":"Tarnoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1418-8596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George A.","family":"Margaritopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6119-6364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helmut","family":"Prosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202202-0399ST"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.17.18384","article-title":"CT features of the usual interstitial pneumonia pattern: differentiating connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"210","author":"Chung","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1908681"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-203843"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-012-2427-0"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.08.1076"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200279","DOI":"10.1148\/ryct.2021200279","article-title":"Practical imaging interpretation in patients suspected of having idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: official recommendations from the Radiology Working Group of the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation","volume":"3","author":"Hobbs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201807-1255ST"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2008.05.009"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2462070712"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30433-2","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a Fleischner Society White Paper","volume":"6","author":"Lynch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202005-2032ST"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12531"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201807-443OC","article-title":"CT honeycombing identifies a progressive fibrotic phenotype with increased mortality across diverse interstitial lung diseases","volume":"16","author":"Adegunsoye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.15","first-page":"20190009","article-title":"Differential diagnoses of fibrosing lung diseases","volume":"1","author":"Horst","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJR Open"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.16","first-page":"e20200096","article-title":"Importance of chest HRCT in the diagnostic evaluation of fibrosing interstitial lung diseases","volume":"47","author":"Torres","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bras Pneumol"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201604-0801CI"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20200944","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20200944","article-title":"The evolution of computer-based analysis of high-resolution CT of the chest in patients with IPF","volume":"95","author":"Calandriello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14130853"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2471070369"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200611-1685OC"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00158507"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00182002"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.4.1215"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201308-1483ST"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2020.100298","article-title":"Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis-like lesions in patients with interstitial pneumonia diagnosed by multidisciplinary discussion with surgical lung biopsy","volume":"7","author":"Sumikawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol Open"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13796","article-title":"Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0180283","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180283","article-title":"Radiologic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis-like lesion in connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease","volume":"12","author":"Enomoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2019.02.007","article-title":"Criteria for the diagnosis of idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis: a proposal","volume":"57","author":"Watanabe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Investig"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101009","article-title":"Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: survival analysis using visual and computer-based computed tomography assessment","volume":"38","author":"Gudmundsson","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00637-2022","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00637-2022","article-title":"Delineating associations of progressive pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis in patients with pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Gudmundsson","year":"2023","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02419-2016"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30866-8"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.03.066","article-title":"Diagnosis and evaluation of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: CHEST guideline and expert panel report","volume":"160","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez P\u00e9rez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.03.067","article-title":"Executive summary: diagnosis and evaluation of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: CHEST guideline and expert panel report","volume":"160","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez P\u00e9rez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201611-2201PP"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201608-1675PP","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonia. Where we stand and where we need to go","volume":"196","author":"Salisbury","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2453061881"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0169-2021"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kreuter M , Costabel U , Herth FJF , et al. , eds. Seltene Lungenerkrankungen. 2nd Edn. Heidelberg, Springer Berlin, 2021.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-63651-0"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201710-1986OC"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.42","first-page":"25","article-title":"Emphysematous changes in hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a retrospective analysis of 12 patients","volume":"24","author":"Baqir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0178263","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178263","article-title":"Emphysema in active farmer's lung disease","volume":"12","author":"Soumagne","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key285","article-title":"Mortality and causes of death across the systemic connective tissue diseases and the primary systemic vasculitides","volume":"58","author":"Garen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.45","first-page":"927","article-title":"Mortality trend of inpatients with connective tissue diseases: 2005-2014","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.46","first-page":"247","article-title":"Interstitielle Lungenerkrankungen: Klassifikation, Differenzialdiagnostik und therapeutische Ans\u00e4tze bei einer heterogenen Gruppe chronischer Lungenerkrankungen [Interstitial lung diseases: classification, differential diagnosis and treatment approaches in a heterogeneous group of chronic lung disorders]","volume":"64","author":"Lederer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inn Med (Heidelb)"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00150-2015"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00357-2015"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00092309"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13977","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease in Australia and New Zealand: a position statement from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand","volume":"26","author":"Jee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2017.03.027","article-title":"High resolution computed tomography pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: relationship to survival","volume":"126","author":"Yunt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0b013e318181d551"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez177"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02533-2020"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13130187"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.56","first-page":"158","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease: a review","volume":"74","author":"Assayag","year":"2014","journal-title":"Medicina (B Aires)"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1903076"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-02292-3","article-title":"Expert consensus on the management of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease","volume":"24","author":"Rahaghi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00235-2020"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2017-8971","article-title":"S1-Leitlinie Interdisziplin\u00e4re Diagnostik interstitieller Lungenerkrankungen im Erwachsenenalter [Consensus guideline on the interdisciplinary diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases]","volume":"77","author":"Kreuter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pneumologie"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2106012"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217455"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201903-0486OC"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morrisroe K , Hansen D , Stevens W , et al. Progressive pulmonary fibrosis and its impact on survival in systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; in press [https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead491].","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead491"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202206-1041ST","article-title":"Syndrome of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: an official ATS\/ERS\/JRS\/ALAT research statement","volume":"206","author":"Cottin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00127-2023"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2511080917"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2815"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E216","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021204482","article-title":"Interstitial lung disease after COVID-19 infection: a catalog of uncertainties","volume":"299","author":"Wells","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e72","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30582-X","article-title":"Lung fibrosis: an undervalued finding in COVID-19 pathological series","volume":"21","author":"Grillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000264"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70053-5","article-title":"Chronology of histological lesions in acute respiratory distress syndrome with diffuse alveolar damage: a prospective cohort study of clinical autopsies","volume":"1","author":"Thille","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30086-4"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30222-8","article-title":"Pulmonary fibrosis secondary to COVID-19: a call to arms?","volume":"8","author":"Spagnolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E86","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201433","article-title":"Well-aerated lung on admitting chest CT to predict adverse outcome in COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"296","author":"Colombi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2021.1916472","article-title":"Pulmonary fibrosis secondary to COVID-19: a narrative review","volume":"15","author":"Tanni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2020.0215"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003690","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03690-2020","article-title":"Pulmonary function and radiological features 4\u2005months after COVID-19: first results from the national prospective observational Swiss COVID-19 lung study","volume":"57","author":"Guler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202010-3823LE","article-title":"High prevalence of pulmonary sequelae at 3 months after hospital discharge in mechanically ventilated survivors of COVID-19","volume":"203","author":"van Gassel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021211746","article-title":"CT lung abnormalities after COVID-19 at 3 months and 1 year after hospital discharge","volume":"303","author":"Vijayakumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-08317-7","article-title":"COVID-19 pneumonia imaging follow-up: when and how? A proposition from ESTI and ESR","volume":"32","author":"Martini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30168-5","article-title":"Interstitial lung abnormalities detected incidentally on CT: a Position Paper from the Fleischner Society","volume":"8","author":"Hatabu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00035-2023"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2022-001490"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01950-2022"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e222274","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.222274","article-title":"Time to start describing fibrotic interstitial lung abnormalities in the chest CT report","volume":"306","author":"Hatabu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202303-0410OC","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of interstitial lung abnormality: implication in follow-up strategy and risk thresholds","volume":"208","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6858","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12216858","article-title":"Radiologic progression of interstitial lung abnormalities following surgical resection in patients with lung cancer","volume":"12","author":"Shin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-09783-x","article-title":"Automated CT quantification of interstitial lung abnormality and interstitial lung disease according to the Fleischner Society in patients with resectable lung cancer: prognostic significance","volume":"33","author":"Ahn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2023.109996","article-title":"Practice patterns in reporting interstitial lung abnormality at a tertiary academic medical center","volume":"104","author":"Escalon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-019-0826-9","article-title":"Novel imaging approaches in systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease","volume":"21","author":"Montesi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4820371"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.93","first-page":"266","article-title":"An introduction to photon-counting detector CT (PCD CT) for radiologists","volume":"41","author":"Nakamura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.DIII.2021.01.001"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.4274\/dir.2023.221959","article-title":"Photon-counting computed tomography in the assessment of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: an initial experience","volume":"29","author":"Marton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Radiol"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000895","article-title":"Potential of photon-counting detector CT for radiation dose reduction for the assessment of interstitial lung disease in patients with systemic sclerosis","volume":"57","author":"Jungblut","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4396","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05475-0","article-title":"State-of-the-art of FAPI-PET imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Sollini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e185","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(20)30421-5","article-title":"68Ga-FAPI-04 PET-CT for molecular assessment of fibroblast activation and risk evaluation in systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease: a single-centre, pilot study","volume":"3","author":"Bergmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024101704160704000_20.1.240006.99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-020-00187-w","article-title":"Differentiating combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema from pure emphysema: utility of late gadolinium-enhanced MRI","volume":"4","author":"Fleming","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Radiol Exp"}],"container-title":["Breathe"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/20734735.0006-2024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T08:10:31Z","timestamp":1729152631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/20734735.0006-2024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/20734735.0006-2024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/20734735.0006-2024","relation":{},"ISSN":["1810-6838","2073-4735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1810-6838","type":"print"},{"value":"2073-4735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}}}