{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T15:03:54Z","timestamp":1789916634999,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["ersjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Breathe"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a common disorder of multifactorial pathogenesis and is associated with obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin with an important function in calcium absorption and homeostasis, which is also implicated in several nonskeletal conditions. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is increasing worldwide and is associated with similar metabolic disturbances to OSAS. Moreover, recent data suggest that in OSAS patients serum levels of vitamin D are lower compared with non-apnoeic subjects. However, the mechanisms linking vitamin D deficiency and OSAS are not completely understood and several hypotheses have been advanced. To date, a limited number of studies have assessed the association between lower serum concentrations of vitamin D and OSAS, and have reported inconsistent results. Similarly, contradictory results have been produced by studies which evaluated the effect of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on serum vitamin D levels. The aim of this review is to summarise current knowledge on the association between OSAS and vitamin D levels.<\/jats:p><jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"><jats:list-item><jats:p>Vitamin D insufficiency prevalence is increasing worldwide and presents with similar comorbidities and risk factors to OSAS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>The nonskeletal actions of vitamin D may contribute to the development of OSAS through immune system modulation, myopathy and inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>Studies evaluating serum vitamin D concentrations in OSAS patients and the effect of CPAP treatment report contradictory results, often influenced by confounding factors, such as obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>There appears to be potential for use of vitamin D supplementation in OSAS patients as a means of reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease, a comorbidity common in both conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Educational aims<\/jats:title><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"><jats:list-item><jats:p>To assess the potential association between OSAS and serum levels of vitamin D.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>To discuss the pathogenetic mechanisms linking OSAS and vitamin D insufficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>To illustrate the effect of CPAP treatment on vitamin D concentration in OSAS patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.000618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:15:46Z","timestamp":1535760946000},"page":"206-215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["The role of vitamin D in obstructive sleep apnoea 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