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Patients experience symptoms and exacerbations driven by a combination of impaired mucociliary clearance, airway inflammation and airway infection. Treatment of bronchiectasis aims to enhance airway clearance and to address the underlying causes of inflammation and infection susceptibility. Bronchiectasis has multiple causes and so the pathophysiology leading to individual symptoms and exacerbations are different between individuals. Standardised investigations are recommended by international guidelines to identify the underlying causes of bronchiectasis. The process of identifying the underlying biology within an individual is called \u201cendotyping\u201d and is an emerging concept across chronic diseases. Endotypes that have a specific treatment are referred to as \u201ctreatable traits\u201d and a treatable traits approach to managing patients with bronchiectasis in a holistic and evidence-based manner is the key to improved outcomes. 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Endotyping allows identification of subsets of patients to allow medicines to be tested differently in the future where trials, rather than trying to achieve a \u201cone size fits all\u201d solution, can test efficacy in subsets of patients where the treatment is most likely to be efficacious.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.0119-2021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T10:35:45Z","timestamp":1638873345000},"page":"210119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Precision medicine in\u00a0bronchiectasis"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Pembridge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James 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