{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T21:33:10Z","timestamp":1786224790739,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["ersjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Breathe"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"><jats:list-item><jats:p>Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) adherence is low among individuals with obstructive sleep apnoea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>Type D personality and high scores on the depression and hypochondriasis scales on the Minnesota\u00a0Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) have been identified as factors contributing to\u00a0non-compliance with CPAP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>Further research into personality type may assist in understanding why some people adhere to CPAP, while others fail.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title\/><jats:p>Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a condition characterised by repetitive, intermittent partial or complete collapse\/obstruction of the upper airway during sleep. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is highly efficacious in treating OSA but its effectiveness is limited due to suboptimal acceptance and adherence rates, with as many as 50% of OSA patients discontinuing CPAP treatment within the first year. Until recently, research has focused on examining mechanistic and demographic factors that could explain nonadherence (<jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic>age, sex, race and education level) with limited applicability in a prospective or clinical manner.<\/jats:p><jats:p>More recent research has focused on personality factors or types of patients with OSA who comply and do not comply with CPAP adherence in an attempt to enhance the accuracy of predicting treatment compliance. Type D personality has been found to be prevalent in one third of patients with OSA. The presence of Type D personality increases noncompliance and poor treatment outcomes due to negative affectivity, social inhibition, unhealthy lifestyle, and a reluctance to consult and\/or follow medical advice. Conversely, individuals who are more likely to adhere to CPAP treatment tend to have a high internal locus of control and high self-efficacy, self-refer for treatment, and have active coping skills. By assessing personality and coping skills, the clinician may gain insight into the likelihood of a patient\u2019s adherence to treatment. If the patient displays potential risk factors for CPAP noncompliance, the clinician can offer the patient education, refer them to a support group, engage in behavioural\/motivational therapy and undertake regular follow-up visits or phone calls incorporating troubleshooting to increase CPAP adherence, especially in individuals with Type D personality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.014916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]],"date-time":"2017-03-08T16:30:24Z","timestamp":1488990624000},"page":"32-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Does personality play a role in\u00a0continuous positive airway pressure compliance?"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Emily L.","family":"Maschauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna M.","family":"Fairley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata L.","family":"Riha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101703280071000_13.1.32.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2008.07.004","article-title":"Adherence to continuous positive airway pressure therapy in obstructive sleep apnoea sufferers: a\u00a0theoretical approach to treatment adherence and intervention","volume":"28","author":"Olsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2024101703280071000_13.1.32.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00114603"},{"key":"2024101703280071000_13.1.32.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2007.00620.x"},{"key":"2024101703280071000_13.1.32.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-010-0422-8","article-title":"Personality correlates of adherence with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)","volume":"15","author":"Moran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"2024101703280071000_13.1.32.5","first-page":"1230","article-title":"Encouraging CPAP adherence: it is everyone\u2019s job","volume":"55","author":"Bollig","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"2024101703280071000_13.1.32.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-012-0788-x","article-title":"Impact of type D personality on adherence to oral appliance therapy for sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"17","author":"Dieltjens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"2024101703280071000_13.1.32.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/22.3.362","article-title":"MMPI correlates of sleep and respiratory disturbance in obstructive sleep apnea.","volume":"22","author":"Aikens","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2024101703280071000_13.1.32.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2010.02.007"},{"key":"2024101703280071000_13.1.32.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2009.09.010"},{"key":"2024101703280071000_13.1.32.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lefebvre C , Manheimer E , Glanville J . 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