{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T06:13:07Z","timestamp":1793686387393,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Breathe"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Connective tissue disease (CTD)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a complex condition arising in various autoimmune disorders, such as systemic sclerosis, Sj\u00f6gren disease, systemic lupus erythematosus and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. The broader term of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) and SARD-ILD are increasingly adopted in various guidelines to allow inclusion of other rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. SARD-ILD significantly impacts morbidity and mortality, with disease manifestations ranging from mild to severe and life-threatening. Epidemiological data show varying ILD prevalence rates amongst SARDs, with fibrosis being a key pathological component secondary to immune-mediated inflammation and tissue remodelling. SARD-ILD presents diverse histological patterns, primarily nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia, each informing prognosis and guiding therapeutic strategies. Diagnosis relies on a comprehensive evaluation of clinical, serological, radiological and histological data, involving a multidisciplinary team. Immunosuppressive therapy is the cornerstone of treatment, with concurrent use of anti-fibrotic agents in specific progressive cases. Disease management is stratified by severity, with distinct guidelines for stable, progressive and rapidly progressive ILD. The prognosis varies across SARD-ILD types, influenced by specific markers, imaging features, and response to therapy. In severe cases, lung transplantation may be considered. Early recognition remains critical in optimising outcomes for SARD-ILD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.0171-2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T08:25:45Z","timestamp":1750148745000},"page":"240171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases-associated interstitial lung disease: a pulmonologist's perspective"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Niamh","family":"Boyle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jess","family":"Maguire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8176-1386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurelie","family":"Fabre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Morrisroe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2896-5210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cormac","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2005230"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13977","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease in Australia and New Zealand: a position statement from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand","volume":"26","author":"Jee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"rkae056","DOI":"10.1093\/rap\/rkae056","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease-related interstitial lung disease: British Society for Rheumatology guideline scope","volume":"8","author":"Hannah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatol Adv Pract"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4830","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10214830","article-title":"Interstitial lung disease in connective tissue diseases: survival patterns in a population-based cohort","volume":"10","author":"Hyldgaard","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.09.002","article-title":"Interstitial lung disease and other pulmonary manifestations in connective tissue diseases","volume":"94","author":"Mira-Avendano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h6819"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-020-00383-w","article-title":"Connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease: prevalence, patterns, predictors, prognosis, and treatment","volume":"198","author":"Jeganathan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020407","article-title":"Therapeutic options for the treatment of interstitial lung disease related to connective tissue diseases. A narrative review","volume":"9","author":"Vacchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0210-2022"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751181","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.751181","article-title":"Variability in global prevalence of interstitial lung disease","volume":"8","author":"Kaul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI74368"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-019-0322-7"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032405"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00829-2015"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17534666221117002","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666221117002","article-title":"Immunomodulatory treatment of interstitial lung disease","volume":"16","author":"van den Bosch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther Adv Respir Dis"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30355-6","article-title":"Progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease: clinical uncertainties, consensus recommendations, and research priorities","volume":"8","author":"George","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12588","article-title":"Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias with connective tissue diseases features: a review","volume":"21","author":"Cottin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2022.100419","article-title":"Connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) and interstitial lung abnormality (ILA): evolving concept of CT findings, pathology and management","volume":"9","author":"Yoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol Open"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1325155","article-title":"Current status of idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia","volume":"33","author":"Poletti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0194"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.path.2019.11.005","article-title":"Connective tissue disease related interstitial lung disease","volume":"13","author":"Schulte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surg Pathol Clin"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2004.01896.x"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0011-2016"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201308-1483ST"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200611-1685OC"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2020-0052-RA","article-title":"Histopathologic assessment of suspected idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: where we are and where we need to go","volume":"144","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-2572"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-985609"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2014-202626"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00008014"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-018-0641-5","article-title":"Radiological pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis associated to limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis: a case report","volume":"18","author":"Hassoun","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pulmonary Med"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204424"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39859","article-title":"2016 American College of Rheumatology\/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome: a consensus and data-driven methodology involving three international patient cohorts","volume":"69","author":"Shiboski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2019.1709944","article-title":"2019 Diagnostic criteria for mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD): from the Japan Research Committee of the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare for systemic autoimmune diseases","volume":"31","author":"Tanaka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2017-000507"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214819"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.138461"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00150-2015"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201807-1255ST"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30433-2"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.17.18384","article-title":"CT features of the usual interstitial pneumonia pattern: differentiating connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"210","author":"Chung","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-203843"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61079-4"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.2.ats01"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.101691"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200607-912OC"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-0741"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1371527"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1685187","article-title":"Lung diseases in inflammatory myopathies","volume":"40","author":"Barba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22728","article-title":"Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 is associated with rapidly progressive lung disease and poor survival in US patients with amyopathic and myopathic dermatomyositis","volume":"68","author":"Moghadam-Kia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00165","article-title":"Antinuclear antibodies with a homogeneous and speckled immunofluorescence pattern are associated with lack of cancer while those with a nucleolar pattern with the presence of cancer","volume":"7","author":"Gauderon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42860","article-title":"2023 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)\/American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) guideline for the screening and monitoring of interstitial lung disease in people with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases","volume":"76","author":"Johnson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reumae.2021.12.003"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202202-0399ST"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1908681"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201202-0320ST"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00069509"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759720x211059605","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X211059605","article-title":"Bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsy in connective tissue diseases, to do or not to do?","volume":"13","author":"Tomassetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.2.2101090"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201508-1632OC"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00091608"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202009-1179FR","article-title":"The role of surgical lung biopsy in the diagnosis of fibrotic interstitial lung disease: perspective from the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation","volume":"18","author":"Hariri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42861","article-title":"2023 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)\/American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) guideline for the treatment of interstitial lung disease in people with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases","volume":"76","author":"Johnson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2014.06.014"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200706-877OC"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00155108"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-00567-x","article-title":"New insights into the treatment of CTD-ILD","volume":"17","author":"Wells","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00421-2019"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30289-3","article-title":"Effect of ambulatory oxygen on quality of life for patients with fibrotic lung disease (AmbOx): a prospective, open-label, mixed-method, crossover randomised controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Visca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201903-0614PP","article-title":"Comprehensive supportive care for patients with fibrosing interstitial lung disease","volume":"200","author":"Wijsenbeek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30383-1","article-title":"Palliative care in interstitial lung disease: living well","volume":"5","author":"Kreuter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.06.038","article-title":"Treatment of interstitial lung disease associated cough: CHEST guideline and expert panel report","volume":"154","author":"Birring","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01107-2023"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00059-022-05155-1","article-title":"2022 ESC\/ERS-Leitlinien zur Diagnostik und Therapie der pulmonalen Hypertonie: Ein fokussierter \u00dcberblick. [2022 ESC\/ERS guidelines on the diagnostics and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: a focussed review]","volume":"48","author":"Rosenkranz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Herz"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2019.08.001"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201503-177OC","article-title":"Lung transplant in patients with scleroderma compared with pulmonary fibrosis. short- and long-term outcomes","volume":"13","author":"Crespo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e3182676089"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taha R , Feteih M . Pulmonary manifestations of connective tissue diseases. In: Almoallim H , Cheikh M , eds. Skills in Rheumatology. Singapore, Springer, 2021; pp. 139\u2013175.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-8323-0_7"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2008.00828.x","article-title":"Lung transplantation in patients with connective tissue disorders and esophageal dysmotility","volume":"21","author":"Gasper","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-023-00909-5"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699532","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.699532","article-title":"Epidemiology, mortality and healthcare resource utilization associated with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease in France","volume":"8","author":"Cottin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.12.005"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1903076"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.066068"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30341-8"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(19)30144-4"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27405"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801562"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42162","article-title":"A risk score to detect subclinical rheumatoid arthritis\u2013associated interstitial lung disease","volume":"74","author":"Juge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-019-0275-x"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.01.038","article-title":"Prevalence and effects of emphysema in never-smokers with rheumatoid arthritis interstitial lung disease","volume":"28","author":"Jacob","year":"2018","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.92","first-page":"21","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease","volume":"4","author":"Solomon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open Access Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-01978-y","article-title":"Acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: mortality and its prediction model","volume":"23","author":"Hozumi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000837","article-title":"Polymyositis: does it really exist as a distinct clinical subset?","volume":"33","author":"Leclair","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3398","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa801","article-title":"Polymyositis: is there anything left? A retrospective diagnostic review from a tertiary myositis centre","volume":"60","author":"Loarce-Martos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.49.2889"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-37132011000100015"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0180"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu289"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-015-8510-y"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2014.11.026"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.102","first-page":"384","article-title":"Myositis-associated usual interstitial pneumonia has a better survival than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"56","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201800"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.03.004"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-023-01045-w"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200403-417OC"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7481","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12237481","article-title":"Predictors of interstitial lung disease in mixed connective tissue disease","volume":"12","author":"Silv\u00e9rio-Ant\u00f3nio","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223296"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000025"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220208","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.0208-2022","article-title":"Pulmonary renal syndrome: a clinical review","volume":"18","author":"Boyle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Breathe"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-018-3991-7","article-title":"Rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease due to anti-MDA5 antibodies without skin involvement: a case report and literature review","volume":"38","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Moreno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-007-0562-9"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2106012"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000050485"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00078411"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hadley R , Chan KM . Lung transplantation for connective tissue disease-associated lung disease. In: Dellaripa PF , Fischer A , Flaherty KR , eds. Pulmonary Manifestations of Rheumatic Disease: A Comprehensive Guide. New York, Springer New York, 2014: pp. 179\u2013191.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0770-0_13"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-11-200706050-00008"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00167","article-title":"Autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis: unanswered questions","volume":"6","author":"Kayser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439807","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1439807","article-title":"Pathogenic mechanisms of disease in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: autoantibodies as clues","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep078"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003054","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1003054","article-title":"Not all autoantibodies are clinically relevant. Classic and novel autoantibodies in Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome: a critical review","volume":"13","author":"V\u00edlchez-Oya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16047","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.47","article-title":"Sj\u00f6gren syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Brito-Zer\u00f3n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9195157","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9195157","article-title":"Clinical significance of different profiles of anti-Ro antibodies in connective tissue diseases","volume":"2023","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)30152-7"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.121043"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2019.1647040","article-title":"Progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases: current practice in diagnosis and management","volume":"35","author":"Wijsenbeek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-019-00992-9","article-title":"Management of fibrosing interstitial lung diseases","volume":"36","author":"Maher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-017-3707-5"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00337-2020"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-005-1157-y"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22204"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12214"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00359-9"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02071-2022"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(21)00107-7"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30318-0"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211682"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-012-2653-4"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00076904","article-title":"Infliximab treatment in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"24","author":"Bargagli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.220367"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30548"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30036-9"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30554-3"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.151322"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00260-0"},{"key":"2025061701250917000_21.2.240171.146","unstructured":"Khanna D , Spino C , Bernstein E , et al. Combination therapy of mycophenolate mofetil and pirfenidone vs. mycophenolate alone: results from the Scleroderma Lung Study III. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74: Suppl. 9, 0520."}],"container-title":["Breathe"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/20734735.0171-2024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T08:25:59Z","timestamp":1750148759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/20734735.0171-2024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":146,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/20734735.0171-2024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/20734735.0171-2024","relation":{},"ISSN":["1810-6838","2073-4735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1810-6838","type":"print"},{"value":"2073-4735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}}}