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This comprehensive overview, written by Early Career Members of ERS Assembly 4, highlights the key scientific and clinical takeaways from the event. Symposia were dedicated to the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), the role of intermittent hypoxia and autonomic dysregulation, diagnostic work-up, and treatment approaches for OSA, including the perspective of patients. Updates on central sleep apnoea, comorbid insomnia and sleep apnoea, obesity hypoventilation syndrome and sleep disordered breathing in neuromuscular disease were also presented. 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