{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T09:04:14Z","timestamp":1784624654959,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Breathe"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There is growing interest in the role of vitamin D in respiratory disorders. Its action as the main regulator of calcium and bone metabolism is well established, but vitamin D is also thought to influence inflammation, immunity and host defence. Accumulating evidence associates vitamin D insufficiency with poorer respiratory outcomes. This narrative review summarises the current literature on the role of vitamin D in inflammatory mechanisms associated with asthma, COPD, interstitial lung disease, lung cancer, tuberculosis and acute respiratory tract infections. It outlines the existing evidence supporting the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D in respiratory disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results from the current literature are mixed, with clinical trial data not always aligning with a plausible mechanistic rationale or data from observational studies. Future large randomised controlled trials, targeting vitamin D deficient cohorts and assessing outcomes over longer durations are needed to provide clarity on the clinical utility of vitamin D supplementation in respiratory disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.0280-2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T08:35:15Z","timestamp":1784622915000},"page":"250280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vitamin D in pulmonary disease"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Emily M.","family":"O'Reilly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desmond M.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072101350582000_22.3.250280.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12931-022-02147-X"},{"key":"2026072101350582000_22.3.250280.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-12-31"},{"key":"2026072101350582000_22.3.250280.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1072-4","article-title":"Meta-analysis of vitamin D and lung function in patients with asthma","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"2026072101350582000_22.3.250280.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2023-001684"},{"key":"2026072101350582000_22.3.250280.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-024-02967-z","article-title":"Associations between vitamin D status and biomarkers linked with inflammation in patients with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional and observational studies","volume":"25","author":"El Abd","year":"2024","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"2026072101350582000_22.3.250280.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-023-02589-z","article-title":"Vitamin D and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"23","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"2026072101350582000_22.3.250280.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2020.108571","article-title":"Vitamin D and its therapeutic relevance in pulmonary diseases","volume":"90","author":"Ahmad","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"2026072101350582000_22.3.250280.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac083","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with low serum vitamin D: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"116","author":"Rafiq","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026072101350582000_22.3.250280.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553"},{"key":"2026072101350582000_22.3.250280.10","first-page":"CD013284","article-title":"Vitamin D for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"9","author":"Williamson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026072101350582000_22.3.250280.11","first-page":"CD011511","article-title":"Vitamin D for the management of asthma","volume":"2","author":"Williamson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026072101350582000_22.3.250280.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202004-1012ED","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 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