{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T20:01:18Z","timestamp":1789761678387,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PB-PG-0909-20070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PB-PG-0909-20070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ERJ Open Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydrogen cyanide is readily detected in the headspace above<jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>cultures and in the breath of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with chronic (<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>) infection. We investigated if exhaled breath HCN is an early marker of<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>infection.<\/jats:p><jats:p>233 children with CF who were free from<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>infection were followed for 2\u2005years. Their median (interquartile range) age was 8.0 (5.0\u201312.2)\u2005years. At each study visit, an exhaled breath sample was collected for hydrogen cyanide analysis. In total, 2055 breath samples were analysed. At the end of the study, the hydrogen cyanide concentrations were compared to the results of routine microbiology surveillance.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>was isolated from 71 children during the study with an incidence (95% CI) of 0.19 (0.15\u20130.23) cases per patient-year. Using a random-effects logistic model, the estimated odds ratio (95% CI) was 3.1 (2.6\u20133.6), which showed that for a 1-\u2005ppbv increase in exhaled breath hydrogen cyanide, we expected a 212% increase in the odds of<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>infection. The sensitivity and specificity were estimated at 33% and 99%, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Exhaled breath hydrogen cyanide is a specific biomarker of new<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>infection in children with CF. Its low sensitivity means that at present, hydrogen cyanide cannot be used as a screening test for this infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00044-2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]],"date-time":"2015-11-17T02:53:22Z","timestamp":1447728802000},"page":"00044-2015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Exhaled breath hydrogen cyanide as a marker of early<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>infection in children with cystic fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Francis J.","family":"Gilchrist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Belcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan R.","family":"Smyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin W.","family":"Southern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrik","family":"\u0160pan\u011bl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Kevin","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warren","family":"Lenney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.10127"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.112897"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91446-2"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langton Hewer SC , Smyth AR . Antibiotic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009: CD004197.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004197.pub3"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00043108"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0496(199911)28:5<321::AID-PPUL3>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0496(199605)21:5<267::AID-PPUL1>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.16a16.x"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.06.001"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2008.01.002"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)88506-4","article-title":"Preliminary report on the production of hydrocyanic acid by bacteria","volume":"15","author":"Clawson","year":"1913","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20170"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00166510"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3661","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ay25652e","article-title":"Quantification of hydrogen cyanide and 2-aminoacetophenone in the headspace of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultured under biofilm and planktonic conditions","volume":"4","author":"Gilchrist","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal Methods"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2911(06)52001-6"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02157-13"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20963"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/7\/2\/026010"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mas.20303"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijms.2005.12.024","article-title":"A general method for the calculation of absolute trace gas concentrations in air and breath from selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry data","volume":"249","author":"Spanel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Mass Spectrom"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0160pan\u011bl PSD . Selected Ion Flow Tube mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS) for on-line trace gas analysis of breath. Clin Diagn Ther Monit. 2005; 3\u201334.","DOI":"10.1142\/9789812701954_0001"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"036004","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/6\/3\/036004","article-title":"An investigation of suitable bag materials for the collection and storage of breath samples containing hydrogen cyanide","volume":"6","author":"Gilchrist","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.1566"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12120509"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-1993(02)00141-8"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"046004","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/5\/4\/046004","article-title":"Background levels and diurnal variations of hydrogen cyanide in breath and emitted from skin","volume":"5","author":"Schmidt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/2\/3\/037013"},{"key":"2024101706110506000_1.2.00044-2015.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1479972309104661"}],"container-title":["ERJ Open Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/23120541.00044-2015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T04:52:56Z","timestamp":1740372776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/23120541.00044-2015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/23120541.00044-2015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/23120541.00044-2015","relation":{},"ISSN":["2312-0541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2312-0541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}}}