{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T07:19:53Z","timestamp":1789370393686,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009817","name":"British Society For Parasitology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009817","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018948","name":"Saudi Arabian Cultural Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018948","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010055","name":"University of Salford Manchester","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ERJ Open Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>is an intracellular protozoan parasite that can cause a wide range of clinical conditions, including miscarriage and pneumonia. The global prevalence is 30% in humans, but varies by locality (<jats:italic>e.g<\/jats:italic>. in the UK it is typically 10%). The association between lung cancer and<jats:italic>T.<\/jats:italic>\u2005<jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic>infection was investigated by direct detection in lung tissue samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lung tissue samples were taken from patients undergoing lung resection surgery (n=72) for suspected lung cancer (infection prevalence 100% (95% CI: 93.9\u2013100%)). All 72 participants were confirmed as having lung cancer following subsequent diagnostic tests. In addition, bronchial biopsy samples were collected from non-lung cancer healthy control subjects (n=10). Samples were tested for<jats:italic>T.<\/jats:italic>\u2005<jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic>using PCR amplification of<jats:italic>T.<\/jats:italic>\u2005<jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic>specific gene markers and<jats:italic>T.<\/jats:italic>\u2005<jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic>specific immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All 72 lung cancer patients were infected with<jats:italic>T.<\/jats:italic>\u2005<jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic>(prevalence 100% (95% CI: 93.9\u2013100%)). Of which, 95.8% (n=69) of patients showed evidence of active parasite stages. Infection prevalence in the controls (10%) was significantly lower (p&lt;0.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinicians treating lung cancer patients should be aware of the potential presence of the parasite, the potential for induction of symptomatic complications and interference with treatment success.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00143-2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T14:55:35Z","timestamp":1559055335000},"page":"00143-2018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["High frequency of infection of lung cancer\u00a0patients with the parasite<i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Jaroslav","family":"Bajnok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muyassar","family":"Tarabulsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Carlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Bown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Southworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josiah","family":"Dungwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dave","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao-Rong","family":"Lun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Smyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3608-0175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoff","family":"Hide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101707203150000_5.2.00143-2018.1","unstructured":"Peyron F , Wallon M , Kieffer F , et\u00a0al. 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