{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T13:07:43Z","timestamp":1784293663944,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ERJ Open Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Question addressed by study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Administration of aerosol to patients receiving high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) ranges from concurrent aerosol delivery by mouthpiece to aerosol<jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>cannula alone. This study examines the conditions to provide optimal aerosol delivery with low- or high-flow nasal oxygen with concurrent mouthpiece or through nasal cannula alone, and the impact on fugitive aerosols.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A vibrating mesh nebuliser delivered salbutamol<jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>mouthpiece, aerosol holding chamber and nasal cannula to an adult head model simulating relaxed breathing. The mean\u00b1<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>inhaled dose (%) was assayed from a filter distal to the trachea. Optical particle sizers were used to measure fugitive aerosol concentrations during aerosol delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Concurrent low-flow nasal oxygen (LFNO) and aerosol delivery with a mouthpiece and aerosol holding chamber increased the inhaled dose (%) available, 31.44\u00b11.33% when supplemented with 2\u2005L\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>of nasal oxygen. Concurrent HFNO above 30\u2005L\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>resulted in a lower inhaled dose (%) compared to aerosol delivered through HFNO alone. The addition of concurrent LFNO or HFNO resulted in no increase in aerosol levels in the test room.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Answer to question posed<\/jats:title><jats:p>Concurrent LFNO with a mouthpiece and aerosol holding chamber is an effective and safe means of aerosol delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00220-2022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T13:10:16Z","timestamp":1658495416000},"page":"00220-2022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluation of aerosol drug delivery with concurrent low- and high-flow nasal 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