{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T00:17:36Z","timestamp":1793578656731,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ERJ Open Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nutritional status impacts quality of life and prognosis of patients with respiratory diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, there is a lack of studies performing an extensive nutritional assessment of IPF patients. This study aimed to investigate the nutritional status and to identify nutritional phenotypes in a cohort of IPF patients at diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients underwent a thorough pulmonary and nutritional evaluation including questionnaires on nutritional status, and physical activity, anthropometry, body impedance, dynamometry, 4-m gait speed and blood tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>90 IPF patients (78.9% males, mean age 72.7\u2005years) were enrolled. The majority of patients were classified as Gender-Age-Physiology Index stage 2 (47, 52.2%) with an inactive lifestyle according to International Physical Activity Questionnaire score (39, 43.3%), and had mean forced vital capacity and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide 86.5% and 54.2%, respectively. In regards to nutritional phenotypes, the majority of patients were normally nourished (67.8%, 95% CI 58.6\u201377.7%), followed by non-sarcopenic obese (25.3%, 95% CI 16.1\u201335.2%), sarcopenic (4.6%, 95% CI 0.0\u201314.5%) and sarcopenic obese (2.3%, 95% CI 0.0\u201312.2%). Among the normally nourished, 49.2% showed early signs of nutritional and physical performance alterations, including body mass index \u226530\u2005kg\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>in 4.3%, history of weight loss \u22655% in 11.9%, and reduction of gait speed and hand grip strength in 11.9% and 35.6%, respectively. Low vitamin D values were observed in 56.3% of cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>IPF patients at diagnosis are mainly normally nourished and obese, but early signs of nutritional and physical performance impairment can already be identified at this stage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00443-2021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T17:20:13Z","timestamp":1636046413000},"page":"00443-2021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Nutritional assessment in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a prospective multicentre study"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0360-1237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Faverio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Fumagalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5774-3740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Madotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Bini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8629-7391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Harari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Mondoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiberio","family":"Oggionni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Barisione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Ceruti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Chiara","family":"Papetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno Dino","family":"Bodini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Caminati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Valentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Centanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donatella","family":"No\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Della Zoppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Crotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Grosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir Giuseppe","family":"Sukkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Modina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Andreoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Nicali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Suigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3504-1633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"De Giacomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Busnelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Cattaneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo Giovanni","family":"Mantovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Cesana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Pesci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5775-5947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Luppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2014_19","article-title":"Nutritional status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic sclerosis: two systemic diseases involving the respiratory system","volume":"840","author":"M\u0119kal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2009.08.002"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00070914"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201807-1255ST"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-018-0730-2"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2784"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0754"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.12.008","article-title":"What are the best indicators to assess malnutrition in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients? A cross-sectional study in a referral center","volume":"62","author":"Jouneau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"von Elm E , Altman DG , Egger M , et al. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. PLoS Med 2007; 4: e296. Doi:10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040296","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040296"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1590ST"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00016-2016"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00080312"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00150314"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.14","unstructured":"Bedogni G , Borghi A , Battistini NC . Manuale di valutazione antropometrica dello stato nutrizionale [Anthropometric assessment manual of nutritional status]. Milan, Edra, 2001."},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afr051"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800551"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/aft196"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.06.013"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147072"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sison CP , Glaz JCP . Simultaneous confidence intervals and sample size determination for multinomial proportions. J Am Statist Assoc; 90: 366\u2013369. Doi:10.1080\/01621459.1995.10476521","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1995.10476521"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu011"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12941","article-title":"Fat-free mass index predicts survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"22","author":"Nishiyama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-01528-4","article-title":"Analysis of body mass index, weight loss and progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"21","author":"Jouneau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1159\/000490355","article-title":"The clinical significance of body weight loss in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients","volume":"96","author":"Nakatsuka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01186-2018"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13943","article-title":"Cause of mortality and sarcopenia in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis receiving antifibrotic therapy","volume":"26","author":"Suzuki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-021-01418-5","article-title":"Nutritional status and quality of life in interstitial lung disease: a prospective cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Kanjrawi","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041131","article-title":"Nutrition in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: critical issues analysis and future research directions","volume":"12","author":"Faverio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.5.551"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2010.02.008"},{"key":"2024101711232889000_8.1.00443-2021.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2019.01.003"}],"container-title":["ERJ Open Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/23120541.00443-2021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T05:12:58Z","timestamp":1740373978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/23120541.00443-2021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/23120541.00443-2021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/23120541.00443-2021","relation":{},"ISSN":["2312-0541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2312-0541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]]}}}