{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T01:45:15Z","timestamp":1794447915290,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ERJ Open Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has increased exercise capacity in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. However, it remains unknown whether HFNC impacts respiratory physiological variables during exercise. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of HFNC on respiratory physiological variables during sustained high-intensity exercise in healthy volunteers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a single-centre, open-label, randomised crossover trial to compare HFNC (60\u2005L\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and Sham-HFNC (2\u2005L\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) interventions during a constant work rate exercise (CWRET) through randomised order. The primary outcome was change in oesophageal pressure (\u0394<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>oes<\/jats:sub>), and the secondary outcomes were other variables of inspiratory effort, ventilation distribution, ventilatory variables and clinical assessment. We evaluated volunteers at seven time points (baseline=T0; CWRET=T1-T2-T3 (1, 4 and 6\u2005min); cooldown period=T4-T5-T6 (1, 6 and 10\u2005min)) in both interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>14 healthy volunteers (50% women; age: 22 (21\u201327) years) were enrolled. Mean differences in \u0394<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>oes<\/jats:sub>decreased to favour the HFNC intervention compared to Sham-HFNC at T2 (\u22122.8\u2005cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O; 95% CI \u22125.3 to \u22120.3), as well as the simplified oesophageal pressure\u2013time product (sPTP) per minute at T2 (\u221286.1\u2005cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O\u00b7s\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; 95% CI \u2212146.2 to \u221226.1) and T3 (\u221279.9\u2005cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O\u00b7s\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; 95% CI \u2212142.3 to \u221217.6). The standard deviation of the Regional Ventilation Delay index was also lower with HFNC compared to Sham-HFNC (T1: \u22121.38; 95% CI \u22121.93 to \u22120.83; T2: \u22120.71; 95% CI \u22121.27 to \u22120.16). There was decreased dyspnoea to favour the HFNC, but sPTP per breath, spatial distribution ventilation indexes, ventilatory variables and clinical assessments were nonsignificant between interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>HFNC intervention reduces respiratory effort and dyspnoea and improves temporal ventilation distribution in healthy volunteers during CWRET.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00482-2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T15:53:12Z","timestamp":1724341992000},"page":"00482-2024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Physiological effects of high-flow nasal cannula during sustained high-intensity exercise in healthy volunteers: a randomised crossover trial"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9356-9009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Moya-Gallardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3870-5837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricio","family":"Garcia-Vald\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3181-4704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Consuelo","family":"Marambio-Coloma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constanza","family":"Gutierrez-Escobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betsabeth","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1986-4955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago","family":"Riquelme-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5901-7689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Moo-Millan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8908-7397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roque","family":"Basoalto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8034-1937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Bruhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5860-1381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orlando","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8338-0488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. Felipe","family":"Damiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-2871"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00934.2014"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00584.2016"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.07306"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.02358"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.04028"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.01106"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00416.2021","article-title":"High-flow nasal cannula compared with continuous positive airway pressure: a bench and physiological study","volume":"132","author":"Vieira","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05658-2"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06581-1","article-title":"Noninvasive respiratory support following extubation in critically ill adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Fernando","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-021-00587-7","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of high-flow nasal cannula therapy in patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15957","article-title":"Effect of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Duan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1080\/15412555.2019.1672637","article-title":"Nasal high flow for stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Bonnevie","year":"2019","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202104-436SR","article-title":"Nasal high-flow therapy during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Prieur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14176","article-title":"Effect of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy on exercise tolerance in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a randomized crossover trial","volume":"27","author":"Harada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.08.004","article-title":"Effects of heated and humidified high flow gases during high-intensity constant-load exercise on severe COPD patients with ventilatory limitation","volume":"118","author":"Cirio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2005.12.015"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00189.2018","article-title":"Competition for blood flow distribution between respiratory and locomotor muscles: implications for muscle fatigue","volume":"125","author":"Sheel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2009.048975"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01322-8","article-title":"An examination and critique of current methods to determine exercise intensity","volume":"50","author":"Jamnick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1113\/EP088103","article-title":"The hyperpnoea of exercise in health: respiratory influences on neurovascular control","volume":"105","author":"Sheel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0074-2021"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01157.2007"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4378"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4067\/S0034-98872020000100037","article-title":"Comparaci\u00f3n de los niveles de actividad f\u00edsica medidos con cuestionario de autorreporte (IPAQ) con medici\u00f3n de acelerometr\u00eda seg\u00fan estado nutricional","volume":"148","author":"Martorell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev M\u00e9d Chil"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.26","unstructured":"World, Health, Organization . WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. 2020. Date last accessed: 29 March 2023. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/336656"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.166.4.518"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4400-x","article-title":"Esophageal and transpulmonary pressure in the clinical setting: meaning, usefulness and perspectives","volume":"42","author":"Mauri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201605-0916OC"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-208357"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzaa076","article-title":"High-flow oxygen therapy during exercise training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic hypoxemia: a multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"100","author":"Vitacca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.06031"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2017-000200"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.34","first-page":"16","article-title":"The high flow nasal cannula improves the exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: randomized, crossover clinical trial.","volume":"19","author":"Dell'Era","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Am Med Respir"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-020-1093-2","article-title":"The impact of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy on exercise capacity in fibrotic interstitial lung disease: a proof-of-concept randomized controlled crossover trial","volume":"20","author":"Suzuki","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13664","article-title":"Nasal high flow does not improve exercise tolerance in COPD patients recovering from acute exacerbation: a randomized crossover study","volume":"24","author":"Prieur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04361-5"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13908","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13908","article-title":"Respiratory frequency and tidal volume during exercise: differential control and unbalanced interdependence","volume":"6","author":"Nicol\u00f2","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5729","DOI":"10.1113\/JP274596","article-title":"The human ventilatory response to stress: rate or depth?","volume":"595","author":"Tipton","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.285965"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2018.03.014","article-title":"Modelling nasal high flow therapy effects on upper airway resistance and resistive work of breathing","volume":"254","author":"Adams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1159\/000499159","article-title":"A calibration technique for the estimation of lung volumes in nonintubated subjects by electrical impedance tomography","volume":"98","author":"Sosio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04TR01","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/ab81df","article-title":"Thoracic electrical impedance tomography in Chinese hospitals: a review of clinical research and daily applications","volume":"41","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-7442","article-title":"Regional ventilation distribution in healthy lungs: can reference values be established for electrical impedance tomography parameters?","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"2025030304052667000_11.1.00482-2024.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1080\/15412555.2023.2234992","article-title":"The influence of breathing exercises on regional ventilation in healthy and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"COPD"}],"container-title":["ERJ Open Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/23120541.00482-2024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T12:07:50Z","timestamp":1741003670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/23120541.00482-2024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/23120541.00482-2024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/23120541.00482-2024","relation":{"has-part":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/23120541.00482-2024.supp1","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2312-0541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2312-0541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]}}}