{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T12:52:22Z","timestamp":1793105542765,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ERJ Open Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a phase 1b\/2a clinical trial of efzofitimod in patients with corticosteroid-requiring pulmonary sarcoidosis, treatment resulted in dose-dependent improvement in key end-points. We undertook a<jats:italic>post hoc<\/jats:italic>analysis pooling dose arms that achieved therapeutic concentrations of efzofitimod (Therapeutic group)<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>those that did not (Subtherapeutic group).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells incubated with tuberculin-coated beads were exposed to varying concentrations of efzofitimod in an<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>assay to determine concentrations that inhibited granuloma formation. In the<jats:italic>post hoc<\/jats:italic>analysis, we compared time-to-first-relapse and changes in pulmonary function after a protocolised corticosteroid taper in the Therapeutic and Subtherapeutic groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Efzofitimod at \u2265300\u2005nM (19\u2005\u00b5g\u00b7mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) inhibited granuloma formation<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Based on mean efzofitimod serum concentrations achieved in the phase 1b\/2a study, the 3 and 5\u2005mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>dose arms were pooled as the Therapeutic group, while the 1\u2005mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>arm was pooled with the placebo arm as the Subtherapeutic group. Relapse rates were 54.4% and 7.7% in the Subtherapeutic group and Therapeutic group, respectively. Median time-to-first-relapse in the Subtherapeutic group was 126\u2005days, whereas in the Therapeutic group, only one of 17 patients relapsed by the end of the 24-week study (p=0.017). Slopes analysis showed that forced vital capacity increased in the Therapeutic group, but decreased in the Subtherapeutic group, over the course of the trial (p=0.035).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment with efzofitimod at therapeutic doses, as compared with a subtherapeutic dose or placebo, was associated with a lower rate of relapse as corticosteroids were tapered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00536-2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T16:23:18Z","timestamp":1722529398000},"page":"00536-2024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Therapeutic doses of efzofitimod demonstrate efficacy in pulmonary sarcoidosis"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4692-1345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ogugua Ndili","family":"Obi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Baughman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliott D.","family":"Crouser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark W.","family":"Julian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Landon W.","family":"Locke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhijeeth","family":"Chandrasekaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0227-5505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavithra","family":"Ramesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7162-8677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelson","family":"Kinnersley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2538-7980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vis","family":"Niranjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Culver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1006-9437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter H.S.","family":"Sporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030304051783000_11.1.00536-2024.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.10.037","article-title":"Efzofitimod for the treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"163","author":"Culver","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2025030304051783000_11.1.00536-2024.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258236","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1258236","article-title":"Exposure-response analyses of efzofitimod in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"14","author":"Walker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025030304051783000_11.1.00536-2024.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2016-0321OC"},{"key":"2025030304051783000_11.1.00536-2024.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066454","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1066454","article-title":"Leveraging in vitro and pharmacokinetic models to support bench to bedside investigation of XTMAB-16 as a novel pulmonary sarcoidosis treatment","volume":"14","author":"Offman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025030304051783000_11.1.00536-2024.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00621-2021"},{"key":"2025030304051783000_11.1.00536-2024.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2018-0053OC"},{"key":"2025030304051783000_11.1.00536-2024.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02695-2020"},{"key":"2025030304051783000_11.1.00536-2024.8","unstructured":"Cohen J . 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