{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:49:26Z","timestamp":1790243366657,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ERJ Open Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The prevalence of<jats:italic>Mycobacterium abscessus<\/jats:italic>infections in non-cystic fibrosis (CF) patients has increased in recent years. In this study, we investigate whether immune defects explain the apparent susceptibility to this opportunistic infection in non-CF patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We performed stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and whole blood from 13 patients with<jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>pulmonary disease and 13 healthy controls to investigate their cytokine production after 24\u2005h and 7 days.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Patients were predominantly women (54%) with a mean age of 59 years; 62% had nodular bronchiectatic disease. Many patients had predisposing pulmonary diseases, such as COPD (46%), and asthma (23%). Patients with COPD showed an impaired interleukin (IL)-6 response to<jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>and a reduced IL-17 response to<jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>, together with a<jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>-specific enhanced IL-22 production. Patients without COPD showed higher levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), an anti-inflammatory molecule. Within the non-COPD patients, those with bronchiectasis showed defective interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 production in response to<jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In conclusion, susceptibility to<jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>is likely determined by a combination of immunological defects and predisposing pulmonary disease. The main defect in the innate immune response was a shift of the ratio of IL-1\u03b2 to IL-1Ra, which decreased the bioactivity of this pathway in the adaptive immune response. In the adaptive immune response there was defective IL-17 and IFN-\u03b3 production. Patients with COPD and bronchiectasis showed different cytokine defects. It is therefore crucial to interpret the immunological results within the clinical background of the patients tested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00590-2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T15:40:27Z","timestamp":1612366827000},"page":"00590-2020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Immune defects in patients with pulmonary<i>Mycobacterium abscessus<\/i>disease without cystic fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Milou M.F.","family":"Schuurbiers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5353-7691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariolina","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanne M.H.","family":"Zweijpfenning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecile","family":"Magis-Escurra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Boeree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai G.","family":"Netea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0581-2003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakko","family":"van Ingen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"van de Veerdonk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1007-1075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wouter","family":"Hoefsloot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101708114043000_6.4.00590-2020.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr578"},{"key":"2024101708114043000_6.4.00590-2020.2","first-page":"54","article-title":"Non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease","volume":"11","author":"Cowman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2024101708114043000_6.4.00590-2020.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201003-0395OC"},{"key":"2024101708114043000_6.4.00590-2020.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00149212"},{"key":"2024101708114043000_6.4.00590-2020.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201206-1035OC"},{"key":"2024101708114043000_6.4.00590-2020.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0606-6"},{"key":"2024101708114043000_6.4.00590-2020.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00446-2015"},{"key":"2024101708114043000_6.4.00590-2020.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12161"},{"key":"2024101708114043000_6.4.00590-2020.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-013-9978-y"},{"key":"2024101708114043000_6.4.00590-2020.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.3.1962"},{"key":"2024101708114043000_6.4.00590-2020.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109941"},{"key":"2024101708114043000_6.4.00590-2020.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200604-571ST"},{"key":"2024101708114043000_6.4.00590-2020.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00170-2018"},{"key":"2024101708114043000_6.4.00590-2020.14","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 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