{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:48:28Z","timestamp":1791402508999,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005440","name":"Center for Scientific Review","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH R01 HL135613 and HL135613-S1."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH R01 HL135613 and HL135613-S1."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ERJ Open Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vaping, containing nicotine and\/or \u0394<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>, \u0394<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>or \u0394<jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup>or \u0394<jats:sup>o<\/jats:sup>tetrahydrocannabinol (\u0394<jats:sup>n<\/jats:sup>-THC), is associated with an outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI). Despite thousands being hospitalised with EVALI, much remains unknown about diagnosis, treatment and disease pathogenesis. Biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid mediators may help identify e-cigarette users with EVALI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We collected plasma and urine along with demographic and vaping-related data of EVALI subjects (age 18\u201335\u2005years) and non-users matched for sex and age in a pilot study. Biomarkers were assessed by ELISA\/EIA and Luminex-based assays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elevated levels of THC metabolite (11-nor-9-carboxy-\u0394<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>-THC) were found in plasma from EVALI subjects compared to non-users. Levels of 8-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an oxidative DNA damage biomarker, and 8-isoprostane, an oxidative stress marker, were slightly increased in urine samples from EVALI subjects compared to non-users. Conversely, plasma levels of lipid mediators, including resolvin D<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>(RvD<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) and prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), were significantly lower in EVALI subjects compared to non-users. Both pro-inflammatory biomarkers, such as tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1\u03b2, RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted) and granulocyte\u2013macrophage colony-stimulating factor, as well as anti-inflammatory biomarkers, such as interleukin-9 and CC10\/16, were decreased in plasma from EVALI subjects compared to non-users, supportive of a possible dysregulated inflammatory response in EVALI subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant elevations in urine and plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress, as well as reductions in lipid mediators, were shown in EVALI subjects. These noninvasive biomarkers (8-OHdG, 8-isoprostane, RvD<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>and CC10\/16), either individually or collectively, may serve as tools in diagnosing future EVALI subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00639-2021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T13:30:21Z","timestamp":1643290221000},"page":"00639-2021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Noninvasive systemic biomarkers of e-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Podguski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gagandeep","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thivanka","family":"Muthumalage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"McGraw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irfan","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101711285174000_8.2.00639-2021.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.613948"},{"key":"2024101711285174000_8.2.00639-2021.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39550-2"},{"key":"2024101711285174000_8.2.00639-2021.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11714","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA00934F","article-title":"The influence of terpenes on the release of volatile organic compounds and active ingredients to cannabis vaping aerosols","volume":"11","author":"Meehan-Atrash","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"2024101711285174000_8.2.00639-2021.4","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Outbreak of Lung Injury Associated with the Use of E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Products. www.cdc.gov\/tobacco\/basic_information\/e-cigarettes\/severe-lung-disease.html Date last updated: 25 February 2020. Date last accessed: 9 November 2021."},{"key":"2024101711285174000_8.2.00639-2021.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01619","article-title":"Pulmonary toxicity and the pathophysiology of electronic cigarette, or vaping product, use associated lung injury","volume":"10","author":"Chand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024101711285174000_8.2.00639-2021.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.21037\/pm-20-97","article-title":"E-cigarette exposures, respiratory tract infections, and impaired innate immunity: a narrative review","volume":"4","author":"Kalininskiy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Med"},{"key":"2024101711285174000_8.2.00639-2021.7","first-page":"e13541","article-title":"EVALI \u2013 e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury: a case 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