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We aimed to investigate lung function development from adolescence into young adulthood and to provide physiological phenotyping in individuals born moderate-to-late preterm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lung function data from individuals born moderate-to-late preterm (n=110) and term (37 to &lt;42\u2005weeks of gestation, n=1895) in the Swedish birth cohort BAMSE were used for analysis and included dynamic spirometry, fractional exhaled nitric oxide and multiple breath nitrogen wash-out. Data from 16- and 24-year follow-ups were analysed using regression models stratified on sex and adjusted for smoking. Data-driven latent class analysis was used to phenotype moderate-to-late preterm individuals at 24\u2005years, and groups were related to background factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Males born moderate-to-late preterm had lower forced expiratory volume in 1\u2005s (FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) at 24\u2005years of age (\u22120.28 z-score, p=0.045), compared to males born term. In females, no difference was seen at 24\u2005years, partly explained by a significant catch up in FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>between 16 and 24\u2005years (0.18 z-score, p=0.01). Lung function phenotypes described as \u201casthma-like\u201d, \u201cdysanapsis-like\u201d and \u201cpreterm reference\u201d were identified within the preterm group. Maternal overweight in early pregnancy was associated with \u201casthma-like\u201d group membership (OR 3.59, p=0.02).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results show impaired FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>at peak lung function in males born moderate-to-late preterm, while females born moderate-to-late preterm had significant catch up between the ages of 16 and 24\u2005years. Several phenotypes of lung function impairment exist in individuals born moderate-to-late preterm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00701-2023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T17:06:01Z","timestamp":1701968761000},"page":"00701-2023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Lung function in young adulthood in relation to moderate-to-late preterm birth"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3686-6004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon 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