{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T05:10:40Z","timestamp":1740460240164,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ERJ Open Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Upper-limb exercise is recommended for patients with COPD, albeit there are limited data concerning the optimal modality to implement. We compared interval (INT-EX) to continuous (CONT-EX) upper-limb exercise in terms of exercise tolerance, ventilatory and metabolic responses when both conditions were sustained at an equivalent work rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>26 stable COPD patients undertook three upper-limb exercise sessions to initially establish peak work rate (PWR)<jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>an incremental exercise test and subsequently two equivalent work rate tests to the limit tolerance in balanced order: 1) INT-EX consisting of 30-s work at 100% PWR interspersed with 30-s work at 40% of PWR; and 2) CONT-EX at 70% PWR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>20 patients (76.9%) had longer tolerance during INT-EX, while six out of 26 (23.1%) exhibited longer tolerance during CONT-EX. The average endurance time was 434.1\u00b1184.7 and 315.7\u00b1128.7\u2005s for INT-EX and CONT-EX, respectively. During INT-EX at isotime (<jats:italic>i.e.<\/jats:italic>when work completed was the same between INT-EX and CONT-EX), the majority of patients manifested lower oxygen uptake, minute ventilation, pulmonary hyperinflation, heart rate, symptoms and higher CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>blood concentration. Patients with longer INT-EX had a lower comorbidity score (Cumulative Illness Rating Scale: 1.58\u00b10.30<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>1.88\u00b10.29, p=0.0395) and better-preserved lung function (forced vital capacity 84.7\u00b115.31%<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>67.67\u00b120.56%, p=0.0367; forced expiratory volume in 1\u2005s 57.15\u00b114.59<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>44.67\u00b112.99% predicted, p=0.0725) compared to patients with longer CONT-EX.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>INT-EX is more sustainable than CONT-EX for the majority of COPD patients with moderate obstruction, leading to lower dynamic hyperinflation and symptoms at isotime. Further studies need to define the benefits of its application during pulmonary rehabilitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00779-2023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T14:50:13Z","timestamp":1706799013000},"page":"00779-2023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Upper-limb interval<i>versus<\/i>constant-load exercise in patients with COPD: a physiological crossover study"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3982-2098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara","family":"Paneroni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Vogiatzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Cavicchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Salvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Bertacchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Venturelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9389-7915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Vitacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101712145659000_10.1.00779-2023.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90336.2008b"},{"key":"2024101712145659000_10.1.00779-2023.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201402-0373ST"},{"key":"2024101712145659000_10.1.00779-2023.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201309-1634ST"},{"key":"2024101712145659000_10.1.00779-2023.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2022.09.004","article-title":"Prescribing and adjusting exercise training in chronic respiratory diseases: expert-based practical recommendations","volume":"29","author":"Gloeckl","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pulmonology"},{"key":"2024101712145659000_10.1.00779-2023.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.026617"},{"key":"2024101712145659000_10.1.00779-2023.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00128903"},{"key":"2024101712145659000_10.1.00779-2023.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3613","DOI":"10.1113\/JP279531","article-title":"Greater exercise tolerance in COPD during acute interval, compared to equivalent constant-load, cycle exercise: physiological mechanisms","volume":"598","author":"Louvaris","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2024101712145659000_10.1.00779-2023.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2012.08.002"},{"key":"2024101712145659000_10.1.00779-2023.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2019.43.5.592","article-title":"Effects of different modes of upper limb training in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Kruapanich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2024101712145659000_10.1.00779-2023.10","first-page":"CD011434","article-title":"Upper limb exercise training for COPD","volume":"11","author":"McKeough","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2024101712145659000_10.1.00779-2023.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008483-199705000-00004"},{"key":"2024101712145659000_10.1.00779-2023.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2012.12.009"},{"key":"2024101712145659000_10.1.00779-2023.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1080\/15412555.2019.1674269","article-title":"Physiological and symptomatic responses to arm versus leg activities in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Frykholm","year":"2019","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"2024101712145659000_10.1.00779-2023.14","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). 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