{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T03:43:05Z","timestamp":1789962185041,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 111-2314-B-002 -201 -MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2314-B-002 -201 -MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 112-2314-B-002-310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2314-B-002-310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023544","name":"National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["113-HCH071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113-HCH071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023544","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Taiwan Society of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ERJ Open Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The clinical impact of bacterial and mycobacterial isolates on bronchiectasis remains uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with bronchiectasis at 16 hospitals in Taiwan were recruited with a 1-year follow-up. The patients were classified into six groups: Group 1, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>; Group 2, <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>; Group 3, other bacteria; Group 4, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM); Group 5, daily sputum without bacterial or NTM colonisation; and Group 6, dry bronchiectasis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 1416 patients (mean age 67\u2005years; 43% males) were included. The mean modified Reiff score was 5 (range 1\u201318). 59% (829 patients) had sputum, whereas the remaining did not. The proportions of bacteria and NTM cultured from sputum within 1\u2005year of observation were 27% (381\/1416) and 15% (202\/1416), respectively. The most common bacterial isolate was <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (13%), followed by <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (7%). 26% of the patients experienced severe exacerbations at least once within the year. The 1-year all-cause mortality rate was 3%. Patients with sputum exhibited a higher rate of severe exacerbations compared to patients with dry bronchiectasis, regardless of the presence of bacteria or NTM (p&lt;0.001). Patients with bacterial colonisation had a higher mortality rate (p&lt;0.001). Further, the highest mortality rate was observed among those with <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> colonisation (hazard ratio (HR) 8.39 (95% CI 2.39\u201329.49)), followed by individuals colonised with other bacteria (HR 8.04 (95% CI 2.36\u201327.38)) and <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (HR 7.83 (95% CI 2.45\u201325.03)). Additionally, old age was an independent risk factor (HR 2.72 (95% CI 1.19\u20136.18)).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                     <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> was more frequently isolated from patients with bronchiectasis in Taiwan compared to Western countries and was associated with unfavourable clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00865-2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T10:25:27Z","timestamp":1737627927000},"page":"00865-2024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinical significance of respiratory bacteria and mycobacteria isolates in adult bronchiectasis in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Chia-Ling","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7979-3749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chau-Chyun","family":"Sheu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0304-4258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping-Huai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Heng","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu-Huei","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Tsung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Fan","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Feng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsung-Ming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chou-Chin","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7426-0743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng-Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Bin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Shian","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao-Tung","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Hsiung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Feng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Hsuan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5818-0759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen-Fu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8628-6000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Chien","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung-Kan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Cheng","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3320-1680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lun-Yu","family":"Jao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Jui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Pin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8891-3124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Hsuan","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Lung","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horng-Chyuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7718-0594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung-Yien","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Chien","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00629-2017"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02033-2018"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1269","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30327-4","article-title":"Bronchiectasis in India: results from the European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration (EMBARC) and Respiratory Research Network of India Registry","volume":"7","author":"Dhar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00611-2022"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.10.055","article-title":"Adult patients with bronchiectasis: a first look at the US Bronchiectasis Research Registry","volume":"151","author":"Aksamit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.07.016"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01953-2017"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14059","article-title":"Characteristics of bronchiectasis in Korea: first data from the Korean Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration registry and comparison with other international registries","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0042-3","article-title":"Bronchiectasis","volume":"4","author":"Chalmers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30053-5"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00119114"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000001050","article-title":"Bacteriophages for bronchiectasis: treatment of the future?","volume":"30","author":"Dominic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(23)00093-0"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201506-333OC"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.13596","article-title":"Gender differences in clinical characteristics of patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in different age groups in northern China","volume":"17","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1843.2002.00367.x"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0125016","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125016","article-title":"Performance assessment of the BluePoint MycoID plus kit for identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including rifampin- and isoniazid-resistant isolates, and nontuberculous mycobacteria","volume":"10","author":"Chien","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00277-0"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00535-2020"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.5.3.233"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01499-2021"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.22","first-page":"S152","article-title":"[Re-evaluation of the ventilatory function in a normal Chinese: comparison with the results of a survey conducted 15\u2005years ago]","volume":"92","author":"Yang","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00239-2023"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2202819"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12768","article-title":"Factors associated with radiologic progression of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis during long-term follow-up","volume":"21","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197950","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/197950","article-title":"Nontuberculous mycobacteria in noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis","volume":"2015","author":"Bonaiti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-055672"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1243-3"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06917-8","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of patients with bronchiectasis with nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in Mainland China: a single center cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.001","article-title":"Non CF-bronchiectasis: aetiologic approach, clinical, radiological, microbiological and functional profile in 277 patients","volume":"116","author":"Dimakou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.31","first-page":"e7208","article-title":"Etiology, clinical, radiological, and microbiological profile of patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis at a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan","volume":"12","author":"Sharif","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202307-1165OC","article-title":"Five-year outcomes among U.S. Bronchiectasis and NTM Research Registry patients","volume":"210","author":"Aksamit","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202302-133OC","article-title":"Quality-of-life bronchiectasis respiratory symptom scale predicts the risk of exacerbations in adults with bronchiectasis: a prospective observational study","volume":"21","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(24)00176-0"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2024.0120","article-title":"Disease severity and activity in bronchiectasis: a paradigm shift in bronchiectasis management","volume":"88","author":"Im","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12219","article-title":"The Sputum Colour Chart as a predictor of lung inflammation, proteolysis and damage in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a case-control analysis","volume":"19","author":"Goeminne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01554-2023"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201910-1972OC"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00051-2017"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0055-2019"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0085-2024"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-020-1080-7"},{"key":"2025071401500632000_11.4.00865-2024.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201605-1027OC"}],"container-title":["ERJ Open Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/23120541.00865-2024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T08:50:17Z","timestamp":1752483017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/23120541.00865-2024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/23120541.00865-2024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/23120541.00865-2024","relation":{},"ISSN":["2312-0541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2312-0541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]}}}