{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T23:02:35Z","timestamp":1775257355394,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ERJ Open Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this review, the Paediatric Assembly of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) presents a summary of the highlights and most relevant findings in the field of paediatric respiratory medicine presented at the virtual ERS International Congress 2020. Early Career Members of the ERS and Chairs of the different Groups comprising the Paediatric Assembly discuss a selection of the presented research. These cover a wide range of research areas, including respiratory physiology and sleep, asthma and allergy, cystic fibrosis, respiratory infection and immunology, neonatology and intensive care, epidemiology, bronchology and lung and airway development. Specifically, we describe the long-term effect in lung function of premature birth, mode of delivery and chronic respiratory conditions such as cystic fibrosis. In paediatric asthma, we present risk factors, phenotypes and their progression with age, and the challenges in diagnosis. We confirm the value of the lung clearance index to detect early lung changes in cystic fibrosis. For bronchiectasis treatment, we highlight the importance of identifying treatable traits. The use of biomarkers and genotypes to identify infants at risk of long-term respiratory morbidity is also discussed. We present the long-term impact on respiratory health of early life and fetal exposures to maternal obesity and intrauterine hypoxia, mechanical ventilation hyperoxia, aeroallergens, air pollution, vitamin A deficient intake and bronchitis. Moreover, we report on the use of metabolomics and genetic analysis to understand the effect of these exposures on lung growth and alveolar development. Finally, we stress the need to establish multidisciplinary teams to treat complex airway pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00893-2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T15:41:02Z","timestamp":1616427662000},"page":"00893-2020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["ERS International Congress 2020: highlights from the Paediatric Assembly"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7924-518X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Ardura-Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Cuevas-Oca\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Freitag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7047-9449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asterios","family":"Kampouras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0511-5352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panayiotis","family":"Kouis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara M.","family":"Mensink-Bout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1695-7141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail L.","family":"Whitehouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodore","family":"Dassios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6731-9452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liesbeth","family":"Duijts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Refika H","family":"Ersu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erol A.","family":"Gaillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1828-0058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex R.","family":"Horsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marijke","family":"Proesmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9291-4971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robbert","family":"Rottier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Schramm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7284-4251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Moeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marielle W.","family":"Pijnenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.3949"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.3950"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.3953"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.3952"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.3954"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.3951"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.1178"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.1167"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.1230"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.1229"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.1236"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4025"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4021"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4023"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00132-2020"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4024"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00043-2020"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4311"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4312"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4313"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perrem L , Stanojevic S , Shaw M , et al. Lung clearance index to track acute respiratory events in school-age children with cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; in press [https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202006-2433OC].","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202006-2433OC"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4315"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4316"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14132470","article-title":"Assessment of regional lung function with multivolume 1H MR imaging in health and obstructive lung disease: comparison with 3He MR imaging","volume":"273","author":"Pennati","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02020-2017"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4317"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00119114"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201906-1219OC","article-title":"Airway mucus hyperconcentration in non\u2013cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis","volume":"201","author":"Ramsey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1223012"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-205587"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2011.07.019"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01926-2017"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31767-7","article-title":"Advances in bronchiectasis: endotyping, genetics, microbiome, and disease heterogeneity","volume":"392","author":"Flume","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3428","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.09.39","article-title":"Medical management of bronchiectasis","volume":"10","author":"O'Donnell","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201309-1575OC"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30191-2","article-title":"Long-term macrolide antibiotics for the treatment of bronchiectasis in adults: an individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Chalmers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00629-2017"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30185-7","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of inhaled antibiotics for the treatment of bronchiectasis in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Laska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4136"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201809-1651OC","article-title":"Airway bacterial load and inhaled antibiotic response in bronchiectasis","volume":"200","author":"Sibila","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01213-2019"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2021713","article-title":"Phase 2 Trial of the DPP-1 Inhibitor Brensocatib in Bronchiectasis","volume":"383","author":"Chalmers","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134605","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/134605","article-title":"The role of macrolides in childhood non-cystic fibrosis-related bronchiectasis","volume":"2012","author":"Masekela","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2017.00123","article-title":"Bronchiectasis in children: current concepts in immunology and microbiology","volume":"5","author":"Pizzutto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front pediatr"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0127-7","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"5","author":"Thebaud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4789"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2013.01.009"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4791"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4795"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000121459"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4790"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-018-1967-8","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors, and comorbidities of vocal cord paralysis after surgical closure of a patent ductus arteriosus: a meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Henry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4793"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S3608","article-title":"Current concepts in the management of hepatopulmonary syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Ho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4792"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00137614"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4794"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4981"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4982"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4983"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4984"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4985"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4986"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.4987"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.3522"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.5289"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.5293"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.5287"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.5288"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.5291"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.5241"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.5243"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.5244"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.5245"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.5242"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.5246"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.5247"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.5249"},{"key":"2024101708353027000_7.1.00893-2020.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2020.5248"}],"container-title":["ERJ Open Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/23120541.00893-2020","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T05:07:25Z","timestamp":1740373645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/23120541.00893-2020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/23120541.00893-2020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/23120541.00893-2020","relation":{},"ISSN":["2312-0541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2312-0541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}}}