{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T19:37:44Z","timestamp":1772653064702,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007509","name":"Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Neumolog\u00eda y Cirug\u00eda Tor\u00e1cica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1100\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1100\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007509","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ERJ Open Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the study was to analyse the characteristics of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis patients in Spain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was an ambispective observational study of a multicentre cohort of patients diagnosed between January 2019 and July 2023 in most Autonomous Communities (retrospective period 2019\u20132020, prospective 2021\u20132023).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>94 patients were included; 83 (88.3%) had pulmonary tuberculosis. The mean age was 38.00\u00b117.8 years; 67 (71.3%) were male, 62 (66.0%) were from countries other than Spain, six (6.4%) were HIV-infected and 24 (25.5%) had previously treated tuberculosis. Nine patients had rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB), 75 multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), nine pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (pre-XDR-TB) and one XDR-TB. Treatment included bedaquiline in 39 (41.5%) patients, linezolid in 87 (92.6%), fluoroquinolones in 82 (87.2%), clofazimine in 64 (68.0%) and delamanid in 27 (28.7%). Treatment was supervised by experts in 63 cases (67.0%). In 43 patients (45.7%), there were difficulties obtaining authorisation for drug prescription (bedaquiline or delamanid). 21 patients (22.3%) had difficulties understanding the treatment. The final treatment outcomes were cured in 60 cases (63.8%), treatment completed in 23 (24.5%), deaths in 3 (3.2%), with 2 due to tuberculosis, loss to follow-up in five (5.3%) and not evaluated in three (3.2%). No treatment failures occurred. Successful outcomes were achieved in 83 patients (88.3%). MDR-TB compared with pre-XDR-TB (OR 8.77, 95% CI 1.42\u201345.55; p=0.01) and no treatment comprehension difficulties (OR 10.61, 95% CI 2.78\u201340.48; p=0.001) were both associated with successful outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most patients achieved successful outcomes with individualised regimens guided predominantly by experts. Patients with pre-XDR-TB and those with comprehension difficulties had significantly reduced success rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00941-2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T16:05:20Z","timestamp":1756397120000},"page":"00941-2025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in 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