{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T19:16:17Z","timestamp":1788290177330,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"NIHR","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIHR301558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR301558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ERJ Open Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), impaired mucociliary clearance leads to respiratory infections. Whilst forced expiratory volume in 1\u2005s (FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) is commonly used to evaluate lung function in PCD its sensitivity to detect abnormalities in mild disease is limited. This study explores the utility of\n                      <jats:sup>129<\/jats:sup>\n                      Xe ventilation and\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      H anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess lung health in children with PCD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This prospective cohort study assessed clinically stable children with PCD (aged 5\u201318\u2005years) using\n                      <jats:sup>129<\/jats:sup>\n                      Xe MRI,\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      H MRI and spirometry during one session. Ventilation defect percentage (VDP) was the primary metric calculated from\n                      <jats:sup>129<\/jats:sup>\n                      Xe MRI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      35 children were assessed (mean\u00b1\n                      <jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>\n                      age 12.3\u00b13.3\u2005years, FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      z-score \u22121.5\u00b11.7). Most children had visible ventilation abnormalities and 82.8% had an abnormal\n                      <jats:sup>129<\/jats:sup>\n                      Xe VDP (median (interquartile range)\n                      <jats:sup>129<\/jats:sup>\n                      Xe VDP 6.3% (1.3\u201316.1%)). 16 participants had a normal FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      (z-score &gt;\u2009\u22121.6); however, 12 of these individuals had abnormal\n                      <jats:sup>129<\/jats:sup>\n                      Xe VDP.\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      H MRI found 55.9% participants had a region of collapse, 61.3% had bronchiectasis and 50.0% had evidence of air trapping.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:sup>129<\/jats:sup>\n                      Xe MRI can identify early lung function abnormalities in children with PCD and demonstrates that the extent of ventilation distribution abnormalities in PCD varies between individuals.\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      H MRI provides complementary diagnostic information on structural abnormalities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00984-2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T18:15:31Z","timestamp":1774548931000},"page":"00984-2025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Structure and function imaging in primary ciliary dyskinesia: cross-sectional study with\n                    <sup>129<\/sup>\n                    Xe ventilation\/\n                    <sup>1<\/sup>\n                    H anatomical magnetic resonance 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