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The causes and mechanism for dyspnoea in these patients without evidence of structural lung disease are unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients treated for COVID-19 at Charit\u00e9 University Hospital in Berlin received pulmonary function testing including respiratory muscle strength tests and completed health-related quality-of-life questionnaires during follow-up. Patients with post-COVID-19 condition during outpatient follow-up with fatigue and exertional intolerance (PCF) were compared to patients with post-COVID-19 condition with evidence of chronic pulmonary sequelae (post-COVID-19 restriction (PCR)) as well as to patients without post-COVID-19 condition (NCF).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 170 patients presented for follow-up. 36 participants met criteria for PCF, 28 for PCR and 24 for NCF. PCF patients reported dyspnoea in 63.8%. % predicted value of respiratory muscle strength (median (IQR)) was reduced in PCF (55.8 (41.5\u201375.9)) compared to NCF and PCR (70.6 (66.3\u201388.9) and 76.8 (63.6\u2013102.2), respectively; p=0.011). A pattern of reduced forced vital capacity (FVC), but normal total lung capacity (TLC), termed complex ventilatory dysfunction defined as TLC\u2005\u2212\u2005FVC &gt;10% predicted was observed and occurred more frequently in PCF (88.9%) compared to NCF and PCR (29.1% and 25.0%, respectively; p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dyspnoea in PCF is characterised by reduced respiratory muscle strength and complex ventilatory dysfunction indicating neuromuscular disturbance as a distinct phenotype among patients with post-COVID-19 condition. These observations could be a starting point for developing personalised rehabilitation concepts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.01027-2023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T15:30:17Z","timestamp":1720107017000},"page":"01027-2023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A new phenotype of patients with post-COVID-19 condition is characterised by a pattern of complex ventilatory dysfunction, neuromuscular disturbance and fatigue 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