{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:25:21Z","timestamp":1777616721102,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022617","name":"Fisher and Paykel Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022617","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ERJ Open Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nasal high flow (NHF) is an established treatment option in acute respiratory failure and has been shown to increase the elimination of carbon dioxide (CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) in hypercapnic COPD patients. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact on gas exchange, respiratory pattern and sleep quality in severe COPD patients with mild hypercapnic respiratory failure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hypercapnic COPD patients (n=42) underwent a wakefulness ventilation study with calibrated inductance plethysmography followed by two polysomnography (PSG) studies with NHF at 20\u2005L\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> and 35\u2005L\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. In a crossover design immediately after hospital discharge, patients were randomised to a 4-week period of nocturnal NHF <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). The primary outcome was transcutaneous carbon dioxide (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                     <jats:sub>tcCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                     <\/jats:sub>) measured during PSG after each period.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NHF reduced mean overnight <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                     <jats:sub>tcCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                     <\/jats:sub> by 3.4\u00b16.5\u2005mmHg (p=0.010), attenuating the increase of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> during sleep, with no effect observed during wakefulness when minute ventilation (<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\u2032<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>) and respiratory rate (RR) were decreased. The mean sleep fragmentation index (26.6\u00b111.2) and sleep efficiency (72.8\u00b116.4%) during NHF were not significantly different from those during LTOT (n=24). An increase in NHF did not change <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\u2032<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub> during wakefulness and did not produce significant effects on ventilation, gas exchange or sleep parameters during the night.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nocturnal NHF attenuated an increase of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                     <jats:sub>tcCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                     <\/jats:sub> during sleep in hypercapnic COPD patients without a relevant effect on sleep quality compared with LTOT. During wakefulness, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                     <jats:sub>tcCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                     <\/jats:sub> was unaffected, but <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\u2032<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub> and RR were reduced, indicating a different physiological response during wakefulness compared with sleep.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.01063-2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:08:32Z","timestamp":1741349312000},"page":"01063-2024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Nocturnal respiratory support with nasal high flow in hypercapnic COPD: a randomised, crossover trial"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Georg","family":"Nilius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1794-2710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maik","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Domanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Khalaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanislav","family":"Tatkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025070309051453000_11.3.01063-2024.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200704-590ED"},{"key":"2025070309051453000_11.3.01063-2024.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1201534"},{"key":"2025070309051453000_11.3.01063-2024.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)00017-X"},{"key":"2025070309051453000_11.3.01063-2024.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3180","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11113180","article-title":"Hypercapnia in COPD: causes, consequences, and therapy","volume":"11","author":"Csoma","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025070309051453000_11.3.01063-2024.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01003-2019"},{"key":"2025070309051453000_11.3.01063-2024.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202006-2382ST"},{"key":"2025070309051453000_11.3.01063-2024.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.02162001"},{"key":"2025070309051453000_11.3.01063-2024.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.1.337"},{"key":"2025070309051453000_11.3.01063-2024.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.108274"},{"key":"2025070309051453000_11.3.01063-2024.10","first-page":"CD002878","article-title":"Chronic non-invasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"8","author":"Raveling","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025070309051453000_11.3.01063-2024.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00769.2021","article-title":"Effect of respiratory rate and size of cannula on pressure and dead-space clearance during nasal high flow in patients with COPD and acute respiratory failure","volume":"132","author":"Pinkham","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"2025070309051453000_11.3.01063-2024.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201706-425OC","article-title":"Domiciliary high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy for patients with stable hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 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