{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:06:56Z","timestamp":1784549216880,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SinoMab BioScience Limited"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ERJ Open Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), driven by dysregulated Th2\/Th17 inflammation, represent a global health challenge with limited therapeutic options. Interleukin (IL)-25 has emerged as a key upstream regulator of both pathways, yet its exact role in CRDs\u2019 pathogenesis remains underexplored. Here, our aim is to evaluate the efficacies of SM17, a novel anti-IL-25 receptor (IL-17RB) antibody, in preclinical models of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eosinophil, peripheral blood mononuclear cell, primary macrophage and lung fibroblast cultures were utilised to define the mechanism of action for how SM17 could ameliorate CRSwNP and IPF related phenotypes\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      . A CRSwNP murine model was induced by co-administration of ovalbumin and\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      enterotoxin B for comparing SM17's efficacy with dexamethasone. Furthermore, IPF model was conducted using bleomycin stimulation for differentiating beneficial effects of SM17 with two US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved IPF drugs, nintedanib and pirfenidone.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      studies demonstrated that SM17 could attenuate eosinophilic activities\n                      <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                      Th2 modulation and Th17 differentiation through inhibition of macrophage activation. Simultaneously, SM17 could also prevent IL-25 driven myofibroblast differentiation. The\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      efficacies were successfully translated to animal studies. SM17 administration restored olfactory function through suppression of eosinophilic inflammation in the nasal epithelium of the CRSwNP murine model and attenuated lung fibrosis through Th17 modulation in the IPF model. In both animal experiments, SM17 showed trend of improvements than the comparison drugs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that SM17 is a potential therapeutic agent to treat CRDs such as CRSwNP and IPF through Th2\/Th17 dual modulation and antifibrotic function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.01067-2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T12:35:16Z","timestamp":1769776516000},"page":"01067-2025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["SM17, an anti-interleukin-17 receptor B antibody, ameliorates pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis\n                    <i>via<\/i>\n                    Th2\/Th17 dual modulation"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lik Hang","family":"Lam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weimin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai Cheung","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai Yin Dennis","family":"Au","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai Chung","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muthu Iswarya","family":"Gandhi Sethuraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaik Abdullah","family":"Nawabjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2408-3672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wai Yan","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Billy Kwok Chong","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shui On","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0787-2624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chin Wai","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.06.3778","article-title":"The burden of air pollution exposure on chronic respiratory disease","volume":"166","author":"Berman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.101936","article-title":"Global burden of chronic respiratory diseases and risk factors, 1990\u20132019: an update from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"59","author":"Momtazmanesh","year":"2023","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407616","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1407616","article-title":"Pathogen targeting in chronic respiratory diseases: prevention, therapy and management","volume":"15","author":"Shukla","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1447337"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718267","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2021.718267","article-title":"Immunobiology of steroid-unresponsive severe asthma","volume":"2","author":"Marshall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Allergy"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41533-023-00347-6","article-title":"Rational use of inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of COPD","volume":"33","author":"Quint","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Prim Care Respir Med"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41030-023-00227-x"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.03.020","article-title":"Dupilumab efficacy in steroid-dependent severe asthma by baseline oral corticosteroid dose","volume":"10","author":"Domingo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S357393","article-title":"Clinical efficacy among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and clinical features of obstructive lung disease: post hoc analysis of the phase III SINUS-24 and SINUS-52 studies","volume":"16","author":"Maspero","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107720"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975914","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.975914","article-title":"Epithelial cell alarmin cytokines: frontline mediators of the asthma inflammatory response","volume":"13","author":"Duchesne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16120","article-title":"SM17, a new IL-17RB-targeting antibody, ameliorates disease progression in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis","volume":"79","author":"Lam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495540","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1495540","article-title":"Evaluation of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SM17 in healthy volunteers: results from pre-clinical models and a first-in-human, randomized, double blinded clinical trial","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26138","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-77459-7","article-title":"Analysis of olfactory function in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin positivity","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083964","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2023.1083964","article-title":"Sense of smell in chronic rhinosinusitis: a multicentric study on 811 patients","volume":"4","author":"Macchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Allergy"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4460","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25084460","article-title":"Olfactory loss in rhinosinusitis: mechanisms of loss and recovery","volume":"25","author":"Dekeyser","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.01.003","article-title":"IL-25 as a novel therapeutic target in nasal polyps of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"135","author":"Shin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.12.1007","article-title":"IL-25 enhances T(H)17 cell-mediated contact dermatitis by promoting IL-1\u03b2 production by dermal dendritic cells","volume":"142","author":"Suto","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663203","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.663203","article-title":"Regulatory immune cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: friends or foes?","volume":"12","author":"van Geffen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01344-x","article-title":"T cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: crucial but controversial","volume":"9","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.21","first-page":"273","article-title":"Jinbei Oral Liquid ameliorates bleomycin-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in rats via reversion of Th1\/Th2 shift","volume":"12","author":"Xing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin Herb Med"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2024.102287","article-title":"The tolerability and efficacy of antifibrotic therapy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: results from a real-world study","volume":"84","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-021-01714-y"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11010143"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918771","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.918771","article-title":"Targeting growth factor and cytokine pathways to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3251","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58568-x","article-title":"Preclinical concept studies showing advantage of an inhaled anti-CTGF\/CCN2 protein for pulmonary fibrosis treatment","volume":"16","author":"Neiens","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370219843827"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6519465","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6519465","article-title":"Biological properties and the role of IL-25 in disease pathogenesis","volume":"2018","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0181806","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181806","article-title":"IL-25-induced activation of nasal fibroblast and its association with the remodeling of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis","volume":"12","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxn037"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14526"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.2.2004039"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-023-01036-7"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.34","first-page":"e70497","article-title":"Pirfenidone as a cornerstone in the management of fibrotic interstitial lung diseases and its emerging applications: a comprehensive review","volume":"16","author":"Babariya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1908681"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2414482"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s40248-016-0053-4","article-title":"COPD heterogeneity: implications for management","volume":"11","author":"Barrecheguren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Multidiscip Respir Med"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.12.246"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2023.12.004"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5707","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07492-7","article-title":"The diagnostic importance of periostin as a biomarker in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp","volume":"279","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2026072004300762000_12.4.01067-2025.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111933"}],"container-title":["ERJ Open Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/23120541.01067-2025","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:30:19Z","timestamp":1784547019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/23120541.01067-2025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/23120541.01067-2025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/23120541.01067-2025","relation":{},"ISSN":["2312-0541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2312-0541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]}}}