{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:20:12Z","timestamp":1787019612668,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ERJ Open Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elexacaftor\/tezacaftor\/ivacaftor (ETI) has improved outcomes for people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). This study evaluated changes in airway microbiological infection status after initiating ETI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the European Cystic Fibrosis Society registry, pwCF who started ETI between 2019 and 2021 were identified. The changes in microbiological status from 1\u2005year before to 1\u2005year after ETI initiation, were compared with the changes seen from 3 to 1\u2005years before starting ETI. Mixed-effect regression models were used to analyse changes. Data from 2\u2005years after initiation were examined for those starting ETI in 2019\u20132020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Included were 15\u2009739 pwCF from 30 countries. In the year before ETI, 38.4% were positive for\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      (PsA) and 36.4% for methicillin-sensitive\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MSSA). After ETI, 38.7% of PsA-positive and 47.2% of MSSA-positive patients transitioned to negative status, compared with 14.8% and 29.1%, respectively, in the previous years. The adjusted difference in transitioning to negative was 14.6% (PsA) and 17.1% (MSSA), both p&lt;0.001. Similar improvements were seen for\n                      <jats:italic>Burkholderia cepacia<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex and\n                      <jats:italic>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n                      . For those starting ETI in 2019\u20132020, PsA positivity remained low over 2\u2005years, decreasing from 46.8% pre-ETI to 30.4% and 27.7% at 1 and 2\u2005years after ETI treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One\u2005year after starting ETI, many pwCF who were initially positive for various CF-related pathogens, shifted to a negative status, a change less common before ETI. These findings suggest that ETI reduces airway infections, with benefits extending into the second year of treatment, although some pwCF continue to carry these pathogens despite treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.01248-2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T13:11:09Z","timestamp":1738847469000},"page":"01248-2024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Respiratory infections after elexacaftor\/tezacaftor\/ivacaftor treatment in people with cystic fibrosis: analysis of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society Patient Registry"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3793-200X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mordechai","family":"Pollak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Gambazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0932-2757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annalisa","family":"Orenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"De Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4165-0144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Prais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4635-386X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eitan","family":"Kerem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meir","family":"Mei Zahav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090103101145000_11.4.01248-2024.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2100665"},{"key":"2025090103101145000_11.4.01248-2024.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202108-1986OC"},{"key":"2025090103101145000_11.4.01248-2024.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32597-8"},{"key":"2025090103101145000_11.4.01248-2024.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1908639"},{"key":"2025090103101145000_11.4.01248-2024.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201404-0703OC"},{"key":"2025090103101145000_11.4.01248-2024.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105185"},{"key":"2025090103101145000_11.4.01248-2024.7","first-page":"e16144","article-title":"A review of Trikafta: triple cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy","volume":"13","author":"Zaher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2025090103101145000_11.4.01248-2024.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02153-2022"},{"key":"2025090103101145000_11.4.01248-2024.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201909-671CME","article-title":"The extrapulmonary effects of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulators in cystic fibrosis","volume":"17","author":"Sergeev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2025090103101145000_11.4.01248-2024.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2016.03.002"},{"key":"2025090103101145000_11.4.01248-2024.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00166412"},{"key":"2025090103101145000_11.4.01248-2024.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00434-9","article-title":"Discontinuation versus continuation of hypertonic saline or dornase alfa in modulator treated people with cystic fibrosis (SIMPLIFY): results from two parallel, multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trials","volume":"11","author":"Mayer-Hamblett","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2025090103101145000_11.4.01248-2024.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202404-366OC","article-title":"Impact of discontinuing both hypertonic saline and dornase alfa after elexacaftor\/tezacaftor\/ivacaftor in cystic fibrosis","volume":"21","author":"Mayer-Hamblett","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2025090103101145000_11.4.01248-2024.14","unstructured":"Zolin A , Adamoli A , Bakkeheim E , et al. 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