{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T17:15:33Z","timestamp":1793812533151,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K08156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K08156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ERJ Open Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diagnosing pulmonary lymphoma is challenging and often requires surgical procedures. Molecular analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) may facilitate pulmonary lymphoma diagnosis; however, many aspects of this technique remain unknown. We aimed to establish a molecular diagnosis strategy for pulmonary lymphomas using BALF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The following molecular analyses were performed using BALF from 62 patients (eight with adult T-cell leukaemia\/lymphoma (ATLL) and 11 with B-cell lymphoma): flow cytometric analysis; T-cell and B-cell clonality based on immunoglobulin heavy chain (\n                      <jats:italic>IGH<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and T-cell receptor (\n                      <jats:italic>TCR<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) rearrangements; and fluorescence\n                      <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                      hybridisation (FISH) analysis of\n                      <jats:italic>IGH<\/jats:italic>\n                      , mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation gene 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>MALT1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), B-cell lymphoma 2 (\n                      <jats:italic>BCL2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and myelocytomatosis (\n                      <jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) oncogene.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CD25 and tumour suppressor in lung cancer-1 marker levels were significantly elevated in ATLL cases at a median of 37.8% and 33.0%, respectively, with 100% positive TCR rearrangements. Notably, FISH analysis showed numerical chromosomal abnormalities in at least one of the genes in 87.5% of patients. In B-cell lymphoma, CD19 and CD20 marker levels were significantly elevated at 4.2% and 14.3%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of\n                      <jats:italic>IGH<\/jats:italic>\n                      rearrangements were 81.8% and 85.4%, respectively. FISH analysis detected translocations in at least one of the genes in 45.5% of patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Numerical chromosomal abnormalities in the BALF of patients with ATLL and gene translocations in B-cell lymphoma are specific and novel findings. Molecular analysis of BALF is expected to be incorporated into a diagnostic system for pulmonary lymphoma to achieve low invasiveness and improve diagnostic accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.01377-2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T05:15:47Z","timestamp":1749014147000},"page":"01377-2024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Molecular analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid to assist pulmonary lymphoma 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