{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T09:18:35Z","timestamp":1788254315588,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ERJ Open Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection could result in pulmonary vascular injury, systemic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, which could increase future risk of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and related complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study from the Montefiore Medical Center (Bronx, NY, USA) (1 March 2020 to 17 August 2024). Patients who had a COVID-19 PCR test were compared to those who did not have a positive COVID-19 PCR test on record. There were 15\u2009721 hospitalised COVID-19 patients, 43\u2009740 non-hospitalised COVID-19 patients, and 870\u2009458 contemporary COVID-negative controls, and 634\u2009892 historical (1 May 2016 to 31 December 2019) controls. The main analysis used propensity score matching for demographics, tobacco, substance use disorder, vaccination for SARS-CoV-2, and pre-existing comorbidities. New-onset PH and PH-related complications were assessed using Fine\u2013Gray subdistribution hazard ratios (sHR). Sensitivity analyses included multivariable cause-specific Cox proportional hazard model, inverse probability weighting, and using matched historical cohort as controls. Long-term PH-related complications included heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and all-cause mortality compared to matched controls. Blood biomarkers during acute COVID-19 were analysed with respect to new-onset PH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to propensity-matched COVID-negative controls, COVID-19 hospitalised patients were (sHR) 1.41 (95% CI 1.27\u20131.57) times more likely to experience new-onset PH, and COVID-19 non-hospitalised patients were 1.42 (95% CI 1.25\u20131.61) times more likely to do so. Sensitivity analyses corroborated our main findings. Among those with new-onset PH, only hospitalised COVID-19 survivors had higher risks of subsequent heart failure (sHR 1.61, 95% CI 1.11\u20132.35), chronic kidney disease (2.18, 1.50\u20133.16), and all-cause mortality (1.81, 1.47\u20132.24) compared to matched controls. Abnormal troponin (sHR 1.61, 95% CI 1.05\u20132.48), brain natriuretic peptide (1.59, 1.20\u20132.11) and creatinine (1.24, 1.01\u20131.51) during acute COVID-19 were associated with outcomes, but not D-dimer, ferritin and haematological markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SARS-CoV-2 infection is independently associated with elevated long-term risk of new-onset PH, whereas only hospitalised COVID-19 status is associated with higher risk of downstream PH-related complications. These findings underscore the importance of ongoing PH surveillance in COVID-19 survivors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.01768-2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T01:10:49Z","timestamp":1787793049000},"page":"01768-2025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Elevated risk of first-time pulmonary hypertension among COVID-19 survivors: a 4.5-year longitudinal 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