{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T08:47:28Z","timestamp":1770281248485,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objectives of this study were to assess the determinants of empirical antibiotic choice, prescription patterns and outcomes in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)\/ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in Europe.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We performed a prospective, observational cohort study in 27 intensive care units (ICUs) from nine European countries. 100 consecutive patients on mechanical ventilation for HAP, on mechanical ventilation &gt;48 h or with VAP were enrolled per ICU.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Admission category, sickness severity and<jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>spp. prevalence &gt;10% in pneumonia episodes determined antibiotic empirical choice. Trauma patients were more often prescribed non-anti-<jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>cephalosporins (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.50\u20134.78). Surgical patients received less aminoglycosides (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.14\u20130.49). A significant correlation (p&lt;0.01) was found between Simplified Acute Physiology Score II score and carbapenem prescription. Basal<jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>spp. prevalence &gt;10% dramatically increased the prescription of carbapenems (OR 3.5, 95% CI 2.0\u20136.1) and colistin (OR 115.7, 95% CI 6.9\u20131,930.9). Appropriate empirical antibiotics decreased ICU length of stay by 6 days (26.3\u00b119.8 days<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>32.8\u00b129.4 days; p = 0.04). The antibiotics that were prescribed most were carbapenems, piperacillin\/tazobactam and quinolones. Median (interquartile range) duration of antibiotic therapy was 9 (6\u201312) days. Anti-methicillin-resistant<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>agents were prescribed in 38.4% of VAP episodes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Admission category, sickness severity and basal<jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>prevalence &gt;10% in pneumonia episodes were the major determinants of antibiotic choice at the bedside. Across Europe, carbapenems were the antibiotic most prescribed for HAP\/VAP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00093010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,17]],"date-time":"2010-09-17T01:09:59Z","timestamp":1284685799000},"page":"1332-1339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Determinants of prescription and choice of empirical therapy for hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Rello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ulldemolins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Lisboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Koulenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Ma\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I.","family":"Martin-Loeches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.J.","family":"De Waele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Putensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Guven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Deja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102020265439000_37.6.1332.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200405-644ST"},{"key":"2024102020265439000_37.6.1332.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.7.2105078"},{"key":"2024102020265439000_37.6.1332.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl097"},{"key":"2024102020265439000_37.6.1332.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1754"},{"key":"2024102020265439000_37.6.1332.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-0087"},{"key":"2024102020265439000_37.6.1332.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/5.6.1033"},{"key":"2024102020265439000_37.6.1332.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.1.9607030"},{"key":"2024102020265439000_37.6.1332.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000098031.24329.10"},{"key":"2024102020265439000_37.6.1332.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.2.462"},{"key":"2024102020265439000_37.6.1332.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000089928.84326.D2"},{"key":"2024102020265439000_37.6.1332.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.3.955"},{"key":"2024102020265439000_37.6.1332.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.5.1210"},{"key":"2024102020265439000_37.6.1332.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-1715-1","article-title":"Therapy of ventilator-associated pneumonia. 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