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In addition, important differences between approaches in Europe and the USA have become apparent.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The European Respiratory Society launched a project to develop new international guidelines for HAP and VAP. Other European societies, including the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, were invited to participate and appointed their representatives. The Latin American Thoracic Association was also invited.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A total of 15 experts and two methodologists made up the panel. 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