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In this study we were therefore interested in whether SPI-1-encoded type III secretion system (T3SS) may influence proinflammatory response of macrophages. To test this hypothesis, we infected primary porcine alveolar macrophages with wild-type <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium and <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Enteritidis and their isogenic SPI-1 deletion mutants. \u0394SPI1 mutants of both serovars invaded approx. 5 times less efficiently than the wild-type strains and despite this, macrophages responded to the infection with \u0394SPI1 mutants by increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1\u03b2, IL-8, TNF\u03b1, IL-23\u03b1 and GM-CSF. Identical macrophage responses to that induced by the \u0394SPI1 mutants were also observed to the infection with <jats:italic>sipB<\/jats:italic> but not the <jats:italic>sipA<\/jats:italic> mutant. The <jats:italic>hilA<\/jats:italic> mutant exhibited an intermediate phenotype between the \u0394SPI1 mutant and the wild-type <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Enteritidis. Our results showed that the SPI-1-encoded T3SS is required not only for cell invasion but in macrophages also for the suppression of early proinflammatory cytokine expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-42-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,25]],"date-time":"2011-01-25T07:16:12Z","timestamp":1295939772000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["SPI-1-encoded type III secretion system of Salmonella enterica is required for the suppression of porcine alveolar macrophage cytokine expression"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Barbora","family":"Pavlova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiri","family":"Volf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Ondrackova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Matiasovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Stepanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Crhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Karasova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Faldyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Rychlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"16_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.01048.x","volume":"30","author":"DM Cirillo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cirillo DM, Valdivia RH, Monack DM, Falkow S: Macrophage-dependent induction of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type III secretion system and its role in intracellular survival. 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