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Treatment with these anti-PD-1 mAb enhanced interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3) production of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Next, to examine whether PD-1 blockade by anti-PD-1 mAb could upregulate the immune reaction during chronic infection, the expression and functional analysis of PD-1 in PBMC isolated from BLV-infected cattle with or without lymphoma were performed using anti-PD-1 mAb. The frequencies of both PD-1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells in blood and lymph node and PD-1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells in lymph node were higher in BLV-infected cattle with lymphoma than those without lymphoma or control uninfected cattle. PD-1 blockade enhanced IFN-\u03b3 production and proliferation and reduced BLV-gp51 expression and B-cell activation in PBMC from BLV-infected cattle in response to BLV-gp51 peptide mixture. These data show that anti-bovine PD-1 mAb could provide a new therapy to control BLV infection via upregulation of immune response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-44-59","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,22]],"date-time":"2013-07-22T14:14:43Z","timestamp":1374502483000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Blockade of bovine PD-1 increases T cell function and inhibits bovine leukemia virus expression in B cells in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Ryoyo","family":"Ikebuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Konnai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Okagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazumasa","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chie","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiko","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiro","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Ohashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"263_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2004.07.017","volume":"21","author":"GP Dunn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dunn GP, Old LJ, Schreiber RD: The immunobiology of cancer immunosurveillance and immunoediting. 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