{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:45:46Z","timestamp":1791315946281,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-45-33","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,19]],"date-time":"2014-03-19T04:06:08Z","timestamp":1395201968000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Experimental infection of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) with West Nile virus isolates of Euro-Mediterranean and North American origins"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Del Amo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Llorente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Figuerola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n C","family":"Soriguer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana M","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Cordioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Weissenb\u00f6ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Clavero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"350_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00045-12","volume":"25","author":"TM Colpitts","year":"2012","unstructured":"Colpitts TM, Conway MJ, Montgomery RR, Fikrig E: West Nile Virus: biology, transmission, and human infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012, 25: 635-648. 10.1128\/CMR.00045-12.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"350_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(03)59008-X","volume":"59","author":"EA Gould","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gould EA, de Lamballerie X, Zanotto PM, Holmes EC: Origins, evolution, and vector\/host coadaptations within the genus Flavivirus. Adv Virus Res. 2003, 59: 277-314.","journal-title":"Adv Virus Res"},{"key":"350_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.53.103106.093258","volume":"53","author":"LD Kramer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kramer LD, Styer LM, Ebel GD: A global perspective on the epidemiology of West Nile virus. Annu Rev Entomol. 2008, 53: 61-81. 10.1146\/annurev.ento.53.103106.093258.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"350_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres\/2009026","volume":"40","author":"AC Brault","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brault AC: Changing patterns of West Nile virus transmission: altered vector competence and host susceptibility. Vet Res. 2009, 40: 43-10.1051\/vetres\/2009026.","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"350_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252307001430","volume":"9","author":"BJ Blitvich","year":"2008","unstructured":"Blitvich BJ: Transmission dynamics and changing epidemiology of West Nile virus. Anim Heal Res Rev. 2008, 9: 71-86. 10.1017\/S1466252307001430.","journal-title":"Anim Heal Res Rev"},{"key":"350_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32816b5cad","volume":"20","author":"RA Bowen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bowen RA, Nemeth NM: Experimental infections with West Nile virus. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2007, 20: 293-297. 10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32816b5cad.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"350_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0903.020628","volume":"9","author":"N Komar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Komar N, Langevin S, Hinten S, Nemeth N, Edwards E, Hettler D, Davis B, Bowen R, Bunning M: Experimental infection of North American birds with the New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003, 9: 311-322. 10.3201\/eid0903.020628.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"350_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-42.1.1","volume":"42","author":"N Nemeth","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nemeth N, Gould D, Bowen R, Komar N: Natural and experimental West Nile virus infection in five raptor species. J Wildl Dis. 2006, 42: 1-13. 10.7589\/0090-3558-42.1.1.","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"350_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1637\/7466-110105R1.1","volume":"50","author":"NM Nemeth","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nemeth NM, Hahn DC, Gould DH, Bowen RA: Experimental West Nile virus infection in Eastern Screech Owls (Megascops asio). Avian Dis. 2006, 50: 252-258. 10.1637\/7466-110105R1.1.","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"key":"350_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.41-4-362","volume":"41","author":"HM Weingartl","year":"2004","unstructured":"Weingartl HM, Neufeld JL, Copps J, Marszal P: Experimental West Nile virus infection in blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) and crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos). Vet Pathol. 2004, 41: 362-370. 10.1354\/vp.41-4-362.","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"350_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1012.040486","volume":"10","author":"AC Brault","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brault AC, Langevin SA, Bowen RA, Panella NA, Biggerstaff BJ, Miller BR, Komar N: Differential virulence of West Nile strains for American crows. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004, 10: 2161-2168. 10.3201\/eid1012.040486.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"350_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.2307\/1593105","volume":"44","author":"DA Senne","year":"2000","unstructured":"Senne DA, Pedersen JC, Hutto DL, Taylor WD, Schmitt BJ, Panigrahy B: Pathogenicity of West Nile virus in chickens. Avian Dis. 2000, 44: 642-649. 10.2307\/1593105.","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"key":"350_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.2307\/1593067","volume":"44","author":"DE Swayne","year":"2000","unstructured":"Swayne DE, Beck JR, Zaki S: Pathogenicity of West Nile virus for turkeys. Avian Dis. 2000, 44: 932-937. 10.2307\/1593067.","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"key":"350_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.283","volume":"79","author":"NM Nemeth","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nemeth NM, Oesterle PT, Bowen RA: Passive immunity to West Nile virus provides limited protection in a common passerine species. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008, 79: 283-290.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"350_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-009-0369-x","volume":"154","author":"N Nemeth","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nemeth N, Young G, Ndaluka C, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Komar N, Bowen R: Persistent West Nile virus infection in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Arch Virol. 2009, 154: 783-789. 10.1007\/s00705-009-0369-x.","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"350_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.99","volume":"72","author":"SA Langevin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Langevin SA, Brault AC, Panella NA, Bowen RA, Komar N: Variation in virulence of West Nile virus strains for house sparrows (Passer domesticus). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005, 72: 99-102.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"350_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.033829-0","volume":"92","author":"E Sotelo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sotelo E, Fernandez-Pinero J, Llorente F, Vazquez A, Moreno A, Aguero M, Cordioli P, Tenorio A, Jimenez-Clavero MA: Phylogenetic relationships of Western Mediterranean West Nile virus strains (1996\u20132010) using full-length genome sequences: single or multiple introductions?. J Gen Virol. 2011, 92: 2512-2522. 10.1099\/vir.0.033829-0.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"350_CR18","first-page":"35","volume":"2004","author":"DW Beasley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Beasley DW, Davis CT, Whiteman M, Granwehr B, Kinney RM, Barrett AD: Molecular determinants of virulence of West Nile virus in North America. Arch Virol Suppl. 2004, 2004: 35-41.","journal-title":"Arch Virol Suppl"},{"key":"350_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8339","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.13.8339-8347.2005","volume":"79","author":"DW Beasley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Beasley DW, Whiteman MC, Zhang S, Huang CY, Schneider BS, Smith DR, Gromowski GD, Higgs S, Kinney RM, Barrett AD: Envelope protein glycosylation status influences mouse neuroinvasion phenotype of genetic lineage 1 West Nile virus strains. J Virol. 2005, 79: 8339-8347. 10.1128\/JVI.79.13.8339-8347.2005.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"350_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.09.013","volume":"395","author":"E Sotelo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sotelo E, Fernandez-Pinero J, Llorente F, Aguero M, Hoefle U, Blanco JM, Jimenez-Clavero MA: Characterization of West Nile virus isolates from Spain: new insights into the distinct West Nile virus eco-epidemiology in the Western Mediterranean. Virology. 2009, 395: 289-297. 10.1016\/j.virol.2009.09.013.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"350_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1409.080190","volume":"14","author":"MA Jimenez-Clavero","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jimenez-Clavero MA, Sotelo E, Fernandez-Pinero J, Llorente F, Blanco JM, Rodriguez-Ramos J, Perez-Ramirez E, Hofle U: West Nile virus in golden eagles, Spain, 2007. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008, 14: 1489-1491. 10.3201\/eid1409.080190.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"350_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-42-11","volume":"42","author":"E Sotelo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sotelo E, Gutierrez-Guzman AV, Del Amo J, Llorente F, El-Harrak M, Perez-Ramirez E, Blanco JM, Hofle U, Jimenez-Clavero MA: Pathogenicity of two recent Western Mediterranean West Nile virus isolates in a wild bird species indigenous to Southern Europe: the red-legged partridge. Vet Res. 2011, 42: 11-10.1186\/1297-9716-42-11.","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"350_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0807.020094","volume":"8","author":"H Weissenbock","year":"2002","unstructured":"Weissenbock H, Kolodziejek J, Url A, Lussy H, Rebel-Bauder B, Nowotny N: Emergence of Usutu virus, an African mosquito-borne flavivirus of the Japanese encephalitis virus group, central Europe. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002, 8: 652-656. 10.3201\/eid0807.020094.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"350_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2006.01.003","volume":"134","author":"AF Payne","year":"2006","unstructured":"Payne AF, Binduga-Gajewska I, Kauffman EB, Kramer LD: Quantitation of flaviviruses by fluorescent focus assay. J Virol Methods. 2006, 134: 183-189. 10.1016\/j.jviromet.2006.01.003.","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"350_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2013.02.019","volume":"189","author":"J Del Amo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Del Amo J, Sotelo E, Fernandez-Pinero J, Gallardo C, Llorente F, Ag\u00fcero M, Jimenez-Clavero MA: A novel quantitative multiplex real-time RT-PCR for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of West Nile virus lineages 1 and 2, and of Usutu virus. J Virol Methods. 2013, 189: 321-327. 10.1016\/j.jviromet.2013.02.019.","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"350_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.03.015","volume":"174","author":"E Sotelo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sotelo E, Llorente F, Rebollo B, Camunas A, Venteo A, Gallardo C, Lubisi A, Rodriguez MJ, Sanz AJ, Figuerola J, Jimenez-Clavero MA: Development and evaluation of a new epitope-blocking ELISA for universal detection of antibodies to West Nile virus. J Virol Methods. 2011, 174: 35-41. 10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.03.015.","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"350_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.387","volume":"60","author":"N Komar","year":"1999","unstructured":"Komar N, Dohm DJ, Turell MJ, Spielman A: Eastern equine encephalitis virus in birds: relative competence of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999, 60: 387-391.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"350_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.62.413","volume":"62","author":"MJ Turell","year":"2000","unstructured":"Turell MJ, O\u2019Guinn M, Oliver J: Potential for New York mosquitoes to transmit West Nile virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000, 62: 413-414.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"350_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2955","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-010-9692-0","volume":"12","author":"MP Moulton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moulton MP, Cropper WP, Avery ML, Moulton LE: The earliest house sparrow introductions to North America. Biol Invasions. 2010, 12: 2955-2958. 10.1007\/s10530-010-9692-0.","journal-title":"Biol Invasions"},{"key":"350_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2097","volume":"39","author":"AC Brault","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brault AC, Huang CY, Langevin SA, Kinney RM, Bowen RA, Ramey WN, Panella NA, Holmes EC, Powers AM, Miller BR: A single positively selected West Nile viral mutation confers increased virogenesis in American crows. Nat Genet. 2007, 39: 1162-1166. 10.1038\/ng2097.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"350_CR31","first-page":"223","volume":"267","author":"JT Roehrig","year":"2002","unstructured":"Roehrig JT, Layton M, Smith P, Campbell GL, Nasci R, Lanciotti RS: The emergence of West Nile virus in North America: ecology, epidemiology, and surveillance. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2002, 267: 223-240.","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"350_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1603.091033","volume":"16","author":"A Vazquez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vazquez A, Sanchez-Seco MP, Ruiz S, Molero F, Hernandez L, Moreno J, Magallanes A, Tejedor CG, Tenorio A: Putative new lineage of West Nile virus, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010, 16: 549-552. 10.3201\/eid1603.091033.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1297-9716-45-33.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T03:14:17Z","timestamp":1630552457000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/veterinaryresearch.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1297-9716-45-33"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,19]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["350"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1297-9716-45-33","relation":{},"ISSN":["1297-9716"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1297-9716","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 November 2013","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2014","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2014","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"33"}}