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Currently, no effective vaccine or specific clinical therapy is available against EV71.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Unmodified 21 nucleotide small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and classic 2<jats:sup>\u2032<\/jats:sup>-modified (2<jats:sup>\u2032<\/jats:sup>-O-methylation or 2<jats:sup>\u2032<\/jats:sup>-fluoro modification) siRNAs were designed to target highly conserved 5<jats:sup>\u2032<\/jats:sup> untranslated region (UTR) of the EV71 genome and employed as anti-EV71 agents. Real-time TaqMan RT-PCR, western blot analysis and plaque assays were carried out to evaluate specific viral inhibition by the siRNAs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Transfection of rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells with siRNAs targeting the EV71 genomic 5<jats:sup>\u2032<\/jats:sup> UTR significantly delayed and alleviated the cytopathic effects of EV71 infection, increased cell viability in EV71-infected RD cells. The inhibitory effect on EV71 replication was sequence-specific and dosage-dependent, with significant corresponding decreases in viral RNA, VP1 protein and viral titer. Appropriate 2<jats:sup>\u2032<\/jats:sup>-modified siRNAs exhibited similar RNA interference (RNAi) activity with dramatically increased serum stability in comparison with unmodified counterparts.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Sequences were identified within the highly conserved 5<jats:sup>\u2032<\/jats:sup> UTR that can be targeted to effectively inhibit EV71 replication through RNAi strategies. Appropriate 2<jats:sup>\u2032<\/jats:sup>-modified siRNAs provide a promising approach to optimizing siRNAs to overcome barriers on RNAi-based antiviral therapies for broader administration.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-19-73","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,13]],"date-time":"2012-08-13T18:14:01Z","timestamp":1344881641000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The highly conserved 5' untranslated region as an effective target towards the inhibition of Enterovirus 71 replication by unmodified and appropriate 2'-modified siRNAs"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jun-Xia","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Jing","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Feng","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Feng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Liang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Kai","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo-Cheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"421_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70209-X","volume":"9","author":"MH Ooi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ooi MH, Wong SC, Lewthwaite P, Cardosa MJ, Solomon T: Clinical features, diagnosis, and management of enterovirus 71. 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