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Therefore, to investigate the phenotypes of the isolated microglia which exert activity of neuroprotective or destructive is required.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The present study investigates the phenotypes of isolated microglia on protecting neuron against A\u03b2-mediated neurotoxicity. Primary microglia were isolated from the mixed glia culture, and were further cultured to distinct phenotypes, designated as proliferating amoeboid microglia (PAM) and differentiated process-bearing microglia (DPM). Their inflammatory phenotypes, response to amyloid \u03b2 (A\u03b2), and the beneficial or destructive effects on neurons were investigated. DPM may induce both direct neurotoxicity without exogenous stimulation and indirect neurotoxicity after A\u03b2 activation. On the other hand, PAM attenuates A\u03b2-mediated neurotoxicity through A\u03b2 phagocytosis and\/or A\u03b2 degradation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our results suggest that the proliferating microglia, but not the differentiated microglia, protect neurons against A\u03b2-mediated neurotoxicity. This discovery may be helpful on the therapeutic investigation of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-20-78","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,23]],"date-time":"2013-10-23T17:08:04Z","timestamp":1382548084000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Amyloid \u03b2 peptide-mediated neurotoxicity is attenuated by the proliferating microglia more potently than by the quiescent phenotype"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Huey-Jen","family":"Tsay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yung-Cheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fong-Lee","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Ping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chun","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Hsiu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mine-Fong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng-Yi","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Ji","family":"Shiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"527_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3086","volume":"11","author":"K Saijo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saijo K, Glass CK: Microglial cell origin and phenotypes in health and disease. 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