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We hypothesized that macrolides could decrease ventilator-induced lung injury.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Adult mice were treated with vehicle, clarithromycin or levofloxacin, and randomized to receive mechanical ventilation with low (12 cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O, PEEP 2 cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O) or high (20 cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O, ZEEP) inspiratory pressures for 150\u00a0minutes. Histological lung injury, neutrophil infiltration, inflammatory mediators (NF\u03baB activation, <jats:italic>Cxcl2<\/jats:italic>, IL-10) and levels of adhesion molecules (E-selectin, ICAM) and proteases (MMP-9 and MMP-2) were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>There were no differences among groups after low-pressure ventilation. Clarithromycin significantly decreased lung injury score and neutrophil count, compared to vehicle or levofloxacin, after high-pressure ventilation. <jats:italic>Cxcl2<\/jats:italic> expression and MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels increased and IL-10 decreased after injurious ventilation, with no significant differences among treatment groups. Both clarithromycin and levofloxacin dampened the increase in NF\u03baB activation observed in non-treated animals submitted to injurious ventilation. E-selectin levels increased after high pressure ventilation in vehicle- and levofloxacin-treated mice, but not in those receiving clarithromycin.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Clarithromycin ameliorates ventilator-induced lung injury and decreases neutrophil recruitment into the alveolar spaces. This could explain the advantages of macrolides in patients with acute lung injury and mechanical ventilation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-14-52","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,11]],"date-time":"2013-05-11T00:14:35Z","timestamp":1368231275000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Anti-inflammatory effects of clarithromycin in ventilator-induced lung injury"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Amado-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00e9s","family":"L\u00f3pez-Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Astudillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"Batalla-Sol\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Blazquez-Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Garc\u00eda-Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo M","family":"Albaiceta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1366_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2380-4","volume":"37","author":"J Villar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Villar J, Blanco J, Anon JM, Santos-Bouza A, Blanch L, Ambros A, Gandia F, Carriedo D, Mosteiro F, Basaldua S: The ALIEN study: incidence and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome in the era of lung protective ventilation. 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