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In COPD, the distribution of MC-C and tryptase positive mast cells (MC-T) in central and peripheral airways, and their relation with lung function, is unknown. We compared MC-T and MC-C distributions in COPD and controls without airflow limitation, and determined their relation with lung function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lung tissue sections from 19 COPD patients (median [interquartile range] FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>% predicted 56 [23\u201375]) and 10 controls were stained for tryptase and chymase. Numbers of MC-T and MC-C were determined in different regions of central and peripheral airways and percentage of degranulation was determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>COPD patients had lower MC-T numbers in the subepithelial area of central airways than controls. In COPD, MC-T numbers in the airway wall and more specifically in the epithelium and subepithelial area of peripheral airways correlated positively with FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/VC (Spearman's rho (r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>) 0.47, p = 0.05 and r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>0.48, p = 0.05, respectively); MC-C numbers in airway smooth muscle of peripheral airways correlated positively with FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>% predicted (r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>0.57, p = 0.02). Both in COPD patients and controls the percentage of degranulated MC-T and MC-C mast cells was higher in peripheral than in central airways (all p &lt; 0.05), but this was not different between the groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>More MC-T and MC-C in peripheral airways correlate with better lung function in COPD patients. It is yet to determine whether this reflects a protective association of mast cells with COPD pathogenesis, or that other explanations are to be considered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-9-64","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,18]],"date-time":"2008-09-18T06:15:00Z","timestamp":1221718500000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Association of mast cells with lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Margot ME","family":"Gosman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirkje S","family":"Postma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith M","family":"Vonk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bea","family":"Rutgers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Lodewijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mieke","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjan A","family":"Luinge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick HT","family":"ten Hacken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Timens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"695_CR1_695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00063703","volume":"22","author":"LM Fabbri","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fabbri LM, Hurd SS: Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD: 2003 update. 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