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To further characterize this estradiol-producing enzyme, we have isolated the corresponding cDNA in the cynomolgus monkey (<jats:italic>Macaca fascicularis<\/jats:italic>), characterized its enzymatic activities and performed cellular localization using <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> hybridization.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Using HEK-293 cells stably expressing <jats:italic>Macaca fascicularis<\/jats:italic> type 12 17\u03b2-HSD (<jats:italic>mf<\/jats:italic> 17\u03b2-HSD12), we have found that the <jats:italic>mf<\/jats:italic> 17\u03b2-HSD12 catalyzes efficiently and selectively the transformation of El into E2, in analogy with the h17\u03b2-HSD12. We have also quantified the <jats:italic>mf<\/jats:italic> 17\u03b2-HSD12 mRNA expression levels in a series of <jats:italic>Macaca fascicularis<\/jats:italic> tissues using Quantitative RealTime PCR. The <jats:italic>Macaca fascicularis<\/jats:italic> 17\u03b2-HSD12 mRNA is widely expressed with the highest levels tissues found in the cerebellum, spleen and adrenal with moderate level observed in all the other examined, namely the testis, ovary, cerebral cortex, liver, heart, prostate, mammary gland, myometrium, endometrium, skin, muscle and pancreas. To gain knowledge about the cellular localization of the <jats:italic>mf<\/jats:italic> 17\u03b2-HSD12 mRNA expression, we performed <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> hybridization using a <jats:sup>35<\/jats:sup>S-labeled cRNA probe. Strong labeling was observed in epithelial cells and stromal cells of the mammary gland. In the uterus, the labeling is detected in epithelial cells and stromal cells of the endometrium.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These results strongly suggest that the <jats:italic>Macaca fascicularis<\/jats:italic> 17\u03b2-HSD12 is an essential partner of aromatase in the biosynthesis of estradiol (E2). It strongly suggests that in the estradiol biosynthesis pathway, the step of 17-ketoreduction comes after the step of the aromatization (the aromatization of 4-androstendione to estrone followed by the conversion of estrone into estradiol by estrogen specific l7\u03b2-HSDs) which is in contrast with the hypothesis suggesting that 4-androstenedione is converted to testosterone followed by the aromatization of testosterone.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2091-8-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,6]],"date-time":"2007-02-06T10:24:41Z","timestamp":1170757481000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Expression and localization of estrogenic type 12 17\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the cynomolgus monkey"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ShuFang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Bellemare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georges","family":"Pelletier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernand","family":"Labrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Van","family":"Luu-The","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"145_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2003.12.006","volume":"218","author":"R Mindnich","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mindnich R, Moller G, Adamski J: The role of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. 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