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While relevance score based algorithms that reconstruct gene regulatory networks from transcriptome data can infer genome-wide gene regulatory networks, they are unfortunately prone to false positive results. Transcription factor activities (TFAs) quantitatively reflect the ability of the transcription factor to regulate target genes. However, classic relevance score based gene regulatory network reconstruction algorithms use models do not include the TFA layer, thus missing a key regulatory element.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This work integrates TFA prediction algorithms with relevance score based network reconstruction algorithms to reconstruct gene regulatory networks with improved accuracy over classic relevance score based algorithms. This method is called <jats:underline>G<\/jats:underline> ene expression and <jats:underline>T<\/jats:underline> ranscription factor activity based <jats:underline>R<\/jats:underline> elevance <jats:underline>N<\/jats:underline> etwork (GTRNetwork). Different combinations of TFA prediction algorithms and relevance score functions have been applied to find the most efficient combination. When the integrated GTRNetwork method was applied to <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> data, the reconstructed genome-wide gene regulatory network predicted 381 new regulatory links. This reconstructed gene regulatory network including the predicted new regulatory links show promising biological significances. Many of the new links are verified by known TF binding site information, and many other links can be verified from the literature and databases such as EcoCyc. The reconstructed gene regulatory network is applied to a recent transcriptome analysis of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> during isobutanol stress. In addition to the 16 significantly changed TFAs detected in the original paper, another 7 significantly changed TFAs have been detected by using our reconstructed network.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The GTRNetwork algorithm introduces the hidden layer TFA into classic relevance score-based gene regulatory network reconstruction processes. Integrating the TFA biological information with regulatory network reconstruction algorithms significantly improves both detection of new links and reduces that rate of false positives. The application of GTRNetwork on <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> gene transcriptome data gives a set of potential regulatory links with promising biological significance for isobutanol stress and other conditions.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,14]],"date-time":"2011-06-14T06:32:55Z","timestamp":1308033175000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Reconstructing genome-wide regulatory network of E. coli using transcriptome data and predicted transcription factor activities"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yao","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura R","family":"Jarboe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie A","family":"Dickerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"4628_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15522","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2136632100","volume":"100","author":"JC Liao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liao JC, Boscolo R, Yang Y-L, Tran LM, Sabatti C, Roychowdhury VP: Network component analysis: Reconstruction of regulatory signals in biological systems. 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