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In this paper we consider discriminating the etiologies of heart failure using gene expression libraries from two separate institutions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We apply five new statistical methods, including partial least squares, penalized partial least squares, LASSO, nearest shrunken centroids and random forest, to two real datasets and compare their performance for multiclass classification. It is found that the five statistical methods perform similarly on each of the two datasets: it is difficult to correctly distinguish the etiologies of heart failure in one dataset whereas it is easy for the other one. In a simulation study, it is confirmed that the five methods tend to have close performance, though the random forest seems to have a slight edge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>For some gene expression data, several recently developed discriminant methods may perform similarly. More importantly, one must remain cautious when assessing the discriminating performance using gene expression profiles based on a small dataset; our analysis suggests the importance of utilizing multiple or larger datasets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-6-205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,26]],"date-time":"2005-08-26T06:17:05Z","timestamp":1125037025000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["A comparative study of discriminating human heart failure etiology using gene expression profiles"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Grindle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinqiang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingjie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soon J","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie W","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"530_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530440037034","volume":"275","author":"D Levy","year":"1996","unstructured":"Levy D, Larson MG, Vasan RS, Kannel WB, Ho KK: The progression from hypertension to congestive heart failure. 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