{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T22:46:31Z","timestamp":1761518791280},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Bioinformatics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Good automatic information extraction tools offer hope for automatic processing of the exploding biomedical literature, and successful named entity recognition is a key component for such tools.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We present a maximum-entropy based system incorporating a diverse set of features for identifying gene and protein names in biomedical abstracts.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This system was entered in the BioCreative comparative evaluation and achieved a precision of 0.83 and recall of 0.84 in the \"open\" evaluation and a precision of 0.78 and recall of 0.85 in the \"closed\" evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Central contributions are rich use of features derived from the training data at multiple levels of granularity, a focus on correctly identifying entity boundaries, and the innovative use of several external knowledge sources including full MEDLINE abstracts and web searches.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-6-s1-s5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,24]],"date-time":"2005-05-24T18:13:44Z","timestamp":1116958424000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Exploring the boundaries: gene and protein identification in biomedical text"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jenny","family":"Finkel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shipra","family":"Dingare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher D","family":"Manning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malvina","family":"Nissim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Alex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Grover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"640_CR1","first-page":"17","volume-title":"2000 AMIA Annual Fall Symposium","author":"AR Aronson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Aronson AR, Bodenreider O, Chang HF, Humphrey SM, Mork JG, Nelson SJ, Rindflesch TC, Wilbur WJ: The NLM Indexing Initiative. 2000 AMIA Annual Fall Symposium 2000, 17\u201321."},{"key":"640_CR2","first-page":"180","volume-title":"CoNLL 7","author":"D Klein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Klein D, Smarr J, Nguyen H, Manning CD: Named Entity Recognition with Character-Level Models. 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