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Existing promoter prediction methods are still far from being satisfactory.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We attempt to recognize the human Pol II promoter sequences from the non-promoter sequences which are made up of exon and intron sequences. Four methods are used: two kinds of multifractal analysis performed on the numeric sequences obtained from the dinucleotide free energy, Z curve analysis and global descriptor of the promoter\/non-promoter primary sequences. A total of 141 parameters are extracted from these methods and categorized into seven groups (methods). They are used to generate certain spaces and then each promoter\/non-promoter sequence is represented by a point in the corresponding space. All the 120 possible combinations of the seven methods are tested. Based on Fisher's linear discriminant algorithm, with a relatively smaller number of parameters (96 and 117), we get satisfactory discriminant accuracies. Particularly, in the case of 117 parameters, the accuracies for the training and test sets reach 90.43% and 89.79%, respectively. A comparison with five other existing methods indicates that our methods have a better performance. Using the global descriptor method (36 parameters), 17 of the 18 experimentally verified promoter sequences of human chromosome 22 are correctly identified.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The high accuracies achieved suggest that the methods of this paper are useful for understanding the difficult problem of promoter prediction.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,26]],"date-time":"2008-02-26T07:13:37Z","timestamp":1204010017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Human Pol II promoter recognition based on primary sequences and free energy of dinucleotides"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jian-Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zu-Guo","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vo","family":"Anh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Qian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2098_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2006.02.007","volume":"242","author":"QZ Li","year":"2006","unstructured":"Li QZ, Lin H: The recognition and prediction of \u03c370promoters in Escherichia coli K-12. 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