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A more efficient estimation approach is necessary for complex systems.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This work derived new time-scale factor by focusing on the problem structure. By mathematically reasoning the balancing behavior of fast species, new time-scale criteria were derived with a simple expression that uses the Jacobian matrix directly. The algorithm requires no linear transformation or decomposition of the Jacobian matrix, which has been an essential part for previous automatic time-scaling methods. Furthermore, the proposed scale factor is estimated locally. Therefore, an iterative procedure was also developed to find the possible multiple boundary layers and to derive an appropriate reduced model.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>By successive calculation of the newly derived time-scale criteria, it was possible to detect multiple boundary layers of full ordinary differential equation (ODE) models. Besides, the iterative procedure could derive the appropriate reduced differential algebraic equation (DAE) model with consistent initial values, which was tested with simple examples and a practical example.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,12]],"date-time":"2008-08-12T06:14:33Z","timestamp":1218521673000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["New time-scale criteria for model simplification of bio-reaction systems"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Junwon","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-won","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai-yong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Yup","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5596","key":"2323_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071914","volume":"298","author":"A Hoffmann","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hoffmann A, Levchenko A, Scott ML, Baltimore D: The I \u03ba B-NF- \u03ba B signaling module: temporal control and selective gene activation. 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